Piscichuvirus-Associated Severe Meningoencephalomyelitis in Aquatic Turtles, United States, 2009-2021.

Viruses from a new species of piscichuvirus were strongly associated with severe lymphocytic meningoencephalomyelitis in several free-ranging aquatic turtles from 3 coastal US states during 2009-2021. Sequencing identified 2 variants (freshwater turtle neural virus 1 [FTuNV1] and sea turtle neural virus 1 [STuNV1]) of the new piscichuvirus species in 3 turtles of 3 species. In situ hybridization localized viral mRNA to the inflamed region of the central nervous system in all 3 sequenced isolates and in 2 of 3 additional nonsequenced isolates.

Association of network connectivity via resting state functional MRI with consciousness, mortality, and outcomes in neonatal acute brain injury.

Background: An accurate and comprehensive test of integrated brain network function is needed for neonates during the acute brain injury period to inform on morbidity. This retrospective cohort study assessed whether integrated brain network function acquired by resting state functional MRI during the acute period in neonates with brain injury, is associated with acute exam, neonatal mortality, and 6-month outcomes.

Methods: Study subjects included 40 consecutive neonates with resting state functional MRI acquired within 31 days after suspected brain insult from March 2018 to July 2019 at Phoenix Children's Hospital.

Behavioral and electrophysiologic predictors of treatment response to stimulants in children with attention disorders.

Behavioral and quantitative electroencephalography (EEG) techniques were used to evaluate treatment response to stimulant therapy in children with attention disorders. A sample of 130 children with attention disorders were evaluated with Conners and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders--III rating scales, and with neurometric quantitative EEG before and 6 to 14 months after treatment with stimulants. Significant quantitative EEG differences were found between the normal control population (N = 31) and the children with attention problems.

Neurodevelopmental outcome, growth and health of extremely low-birthweight survivors: how soon can we tell?

A three-year cohort of extremely low-birthweight (ELBW, less than 1000g) survivors born between 1st January 1979 and 31st December 1981 were followed prospectively at one, two and five years of age, corrected for preterm birth. 57 of 110 infants survived, and 53 children were still alive at five years. The diagnoses of cerebral palsy, blindness, deafness and developmental delay fluctuated markedly according to age at developmental assessment.

Outcome in infants of birth weight 500 to 999 g: a continuing regional study of 5-year-old survivors.

During 1979 and 1980, 351 infants of birth weight 500 to 999 g were born in the State of Victoria: 89 (25.4%) survived to the age of 2 years corrected for prematurity, and 83 were fully assessed by a multidisciplinary team; partial data were obtained on the remainder. At the age of 5 years, corrected for prematurity, 85/89 (96%) were evaluated by a multidisciplinary team, although not all children could be fully evaluated by the psychologists.

Relationship between two-year behaviour and neurodevelopmental outcome at five years of very low-birthweight survivors.

A prospective five-year follow-up of survivors of very low birthweight (less than or equal to 1500 g) born in 1979 was carried out at the Queen Victoria Medical Centre, Melbourne, between 1980 and 1985. Of the 57 children reported here, 23 had been identified during psychological testing at two years as having an attention deficit disorder (ADD). Although the number with ADD at five years had decreased to 18, the two-year diagnosis was retained to test its predictive value for outcome at school-age.

Prognosis for infants born at 23 to 28 weeks' gestation.

The survival and neurodevelopmental outcome of 356 extremely preterm infants born at 23 to 28 weeks' gestation were reported by week of gestation. Their corrected 1 year survival improved from 7% at 23 weeks to 75% at 28 weeks. The overall incidence of impairment was 19% and of major disability 12%.

Sequelae of growth failure in appropriate for gestational age, very low-birthweight infants.

The pattern of growth of 235 very low-birthweight children, whose weights were appropriate for gestational age, was characterised by a significant decline in weight, length and head circumference from birth to discharge from hospital, followed by partial recovery in all three measures of growth by two years corrected age. 29 per cent of the children were below the 10th percentile for weight at two years, and this group had a significantly higher incidence of major disabilities, poorer muscular development, more hypotonia and lowered performance on the psychomotor index of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development than their heavier peers. These children's mothers more often perceived them as actively disliking close physical contact, and they were reported by their mothers to have had more infections, minor surgery and chronic otitis media.

Outcome of extremely-low-birthweight infants.

The overall 1-year survival rate of 261 infants born at 500 g-999g over a 7-year period was 46%. The survival rate of the 220 inborn infants, corrected for birth defects, would have increased from 47% to 57% if delivery room deaths were excluded and to 62% if postneonatal deaths had also been ignored. Survival improved progressively with increasing 100g weight groups.

Viability of infants born at 24 to 26 weeks gestation.

81 inborn infants of 24-26 weeks gestation were studied. Overall survival rate excluding 2 lethal malformations was 44%: it was 36% at 24 wk, 32% at 25 wk and 57% at 26 wk. 68% of the multiparous mothers had a previous reproductive loss and 30% had a previous preterm birth.

Neonatal and neurodevelopmental significance of behaviour in very low birthweight children.

73 (34%) of 213 inborn, long term survivors with a birthweight less than 1500 g showed characteristics of Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) during psychological testing at 2 years of age corrected for prematurity. Agreement on the diagnosis of ADD made by the paediatrician and psychologist in separate examinations was statistically significant. Children with ADD differed from those with normal behaviour on a large number of neonatal variables which were reduced to the following five on stepwise discriminant function analysis: necrotizing enterocolitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, major apnoeas requiring bag and mask resuscitation, duration of feeding on intravenous fat and weight percentile at discharge.

Effect of neonatal periventricular haemorrhage on neurodevelopmental outcome.

All 56 infants born between 23 and 28 weeks' gestation admitted to this hospital in 1981 were examined for periventricular haemorrhage with cerebral ultrasonography. Haemorrhage was diagnosed in 34 (61%)-12 (22%) had germinal layer haemorrhage, 18 (32%) had intraventricular haemorrhage, and four (7%) had intracerebral haemorrhage. The two year outcome of survivors with and without periventricular haemorrhage was compared to determine the effect on neurodevelopment.

Outcome of very low birthweight infants who required prolonged hospitalization.

Over a 4 year study period, 294 infants with a birthweight less than or equal to 1500 g survived their initial hospitalization; 103 (35%) were discharged after a gestational age of 40 weeks. The postdischarge infant mortality was significantly higher in those with prolonged initial hospitalization compared with the remaining survivors (6% vs 1%). During the first 2 years, significant infections were found in 66% and rehospitalization in 54% of the children who had prolonged initial hospitalization.

Effect of mode of delivery on outcome of very-low-birthweight infants.

The hospital survival rate was 47% in 111 inborn infants who weighed 501-1000 g and 90% in 211 who weighed 1001-1500 g. The survival rate after caesarean birth was significantly higher than that after vaginal delivery in the 1001-1500 g group but not in the 501-1000 g group. At 2 years of age, 73% of survivors born at 501-1000 g and 85% of those born at 1001-1500 g had no neurological or developmental disability; no significant difference was found between caesarean and vaginal births.

Survival and 2-year outcome of extremely preterm infants.

The survival of 163 infants born within the hospital at 24-28 weeks gestation during a 4 1/2-year period and the morbidity in survivors at 2 years of age were reported. Hospital survival rates from 24-28 weeks at each week of gestation, excluding six infants with birth defects, were 36%, 32%, 57%, 70% and 74% respectively. The late outcome of children born at 24-26 weeks was compared with those born at 27-28 weeks.

Outcome in infants with birth weight 500 to 999 gm: a regional study of 1979 and 1980 births.

During 1979 and 1980, 351 infants weighing 500 to 999 gm were born in the State of Victoria, Australia; 89 (25.4%) survived to 2 years of age. Survival was better for tertiary center births (29%) than for those born elsewhere (17%).

Perinatal risk factors for necrotizing enterocolitis.

The perinatal histories of 50 very low birthweight infants weighing 1500 g, or less, with necrotizing enterocolitis were compared with those of the remaining 325 very low birthweight infants who were admitted to this hospital during a four year study period. Many factors previously reported to be associated with necrotizing enterocolitis were found with equal frequency in both groups of babies. The only adverse factor which was more frequently present in patients with necrotizing enterocolitis was hypothermia on admission to hospital.

Necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birthweight infants: a four-year experience.

Fifty (13%) of 375 infants who weighed 1500 g or less at birth had necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Haematological changes suggestive of sepsis occurred in 83% and positive bacteriological cultures were found in 38%, the most common organism isolated being Clostridium perfringens. Complications included intestinal perforation in six patients and recurrence of NEC in five, of whom one subsequently developed an intestinal stricture.

Outcome of extremely low birth-weight infants in relation to the hospital of birth.

There were 351 liveborn infants of birth-weight 500-999 g born in the State of Victoria in the years 1979 and 1980; 89/351 (25.4%) survived to the age of 2 years: 42 (47.2%) survivors were of gestational ages of 24 to 26 weeks and 47 (52.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very low birthweight infants.

Twenty-four (6%) of 375 infants with birthweights less than or equal to 1500g developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD); 16 (15%) of 107 in those less than or equal to 100g and 8 (3%) of 268 in those greater than 1000g. The incidence was 10% in those who required assisted ventilation. Perinatal asphyxia, significant respiratory distress, pulmonary interstitial emphysema and patent ductus arteriosus were statistically more common in BPD infants compared with the remaining 351 very low birthweight infants.

Determinants of developmental performance of very low-birthweight survivors at one and two years of age.

The developmental outcome of 61 very low-birthweight infants was studied prospectively by means of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development at one and two years of age, corrected for prematurity. Preliminary analysis revealed that the mean scores for mental and psychomotor development were within the normal limits at both testing occasions. However, further analysis showed that there was a significant decrease in mental development scores from one to two years of age, due primarily to an increase in the numbers of low-scoring children with 'hyperactive' behaviour at two years.

Growth and development of very low birthweight infants recovering from bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Twenty four infants with birthweights less than or equal to 1500 g had bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Four died in the neonatal period and four in the postneonatal period-one had been discharged and was aged one year. Sixteen (67%) survived long term and were followed up until they were two years old.

Collaborative study of very-low-birth-weight infants. Correlation of handicap with risk factors.

Two large maternity services studied consecutive inborn infants (birth weight range, 500 to 1,500 g) born between 1977 and 1978. The multidisciplinary team members used identical assessment methods and documentation. Of 259 long-term survivors, 252 (97.