A spatially resolved optical method to measure thermal diffusivity.

We describe an optical method to directly measure the position-dependent thermal diffusivity of reflective single crystal samples across a broad range of temperatures for condensed matter physics research. Two laser beams are used, one as a source to locally modulate the sample temperature, and the other as a probe of sample reflectivity, which is a function of the modulated temperature. Thermal diffusivity is obtained from the phase delay between source and probe signals.

Elastocaloric signatures of symmetric and antisymmetric strain-tuning of quadrupolar and magnetic phases in DyBC.

The adiabatic elastocaloric effect measures the temperature change of a given system with strain and provides a thermodynamic probe of the entropic landscape in the temperature-strain space. Here, we demonstrate that the DC bias strain-dependence of AC elastocaloric effect allows decomposition of the latter into symmetric (rotation-symmetry-preserving) and antisymmetric (rotation-symmetry-breaking) strain channels, using a tetragonal [Formula: see text]-electron intermetallic DyB[Formula: see text]C[Formula: see text]-whose antiferroquadrupolar order breaks local fourfold rotational symmetries while globally remaining tetragonal-as a showcase example. We capture the strain evolution of its quadrupolar and magnetic phase transitions using both singularities in the elastocaloric coefficient and its jumps at the transitions, and the latter we show follows a modified Ehrenfest relation.

Spin wavepackets in the Kagome ferromagnet FeSn: Propagation and precursors.

The propagation of spin waves in magnetically ordered systems has emerged as a potential means to shuttle quantum information over large distances. Conventionally, the arrival time of a spin wavepacket at a distance, , is assumed to be determined by its group velocity, . Here, we report time-resolved optical measurements of wavepacket propagation in the Kagome ferromagnet FeSn that demonstrate the arrival of spin information at times significantly less than /.

Observation of a phase transition within the domain walls of ferromagnetic CoSnS.

The ferromagnetic phase of CoSnS is widely considered to be a topological Weyl semimetal, with evidence for momentum-space monopoles of Berry curvature from transport and spectroscopic probes. As the bandstructure is highly sensitive to the magnetic order, attention has focused on anomalies in magnetization, susceptibility and transport measurements that are seen well below the Curie temperature, leading to speculation that a "hidden" phase coexists with ferromagnetism. Here we report spatially-resolved measurements by Kerr effect microscopy that identify this phase.

Nonlinear nanoelectrodynamics of a Weyl metal.

Chiral Weyl fermions with linear energy-momentum dispersion in the bulk accompanied by Fermi-arc states on the surfaces prompt a host of enticing optical effects. While new Weyl semimetal materials keep emerging, the available optical probes are limited. In particular, isolating bulk and surface electrodynamics in Weyl conductors remains a challenge.

Direct Measurement of Helicoid Surface States in RhSi Using Nonlinear Optics.

Despite the fundamental nature of the edge state in topological physics, direct measurement of electronic and optical properties of the Fermi arcs of topological semimetals has posed a significant experimental challenge, as their response is often overwhelmed by the metallic bulk. However, laser-driven currents carried by surface and bulk states can propagate in different directions in nonsymmorphic crystals, allowing for the two components to be easily separated. Motivated by a recent theoretical prediction G.

Advances in antimicrobial activity analysis of fluoroquinolone, macrolide, sulfonamide, and tetracycline antibiotics for environmental applications through improved bacteria selection.

The widespread use of antibiotics has led to their ubiquitous presence in water and wastewater and raised concerns about antimicrobial resistance. Clinical antibiotic susceptibility assays have been repurposed to measure removal of antimicrobial activity during water and wastewater treatment processes. The corresponding protocols have mainly employed growth inhibition of Escherichia coli.

Author Correction: Electrical switching in a magnetically intercalated transition metal dichalcogenide.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Three-state nematicity in the triangular lattice antiferromagnet FeNbS.

Nematic order is the breaking of rotational symmetry in the presence of translational invariance. While originally defined in the context of liquid crystals, the concept of nematic order has arisen in crystalline matter with discrete rotational symmetry, most prominently in the tetragonal Fe-based superconductors where the parent state is four-fold symmetric. In this case the nematic director takes on only two directions, and the order parameter in such 'Ising-nematic' systems is a simple scalar.

An ultrastructural pathologist's views on fibroblasts, modified smooth muscle cells, wound healing, stenosing arteriopathies, Kawasaki disease, Dupuytren's contracture, and the stroma of carcinomas.

It wasn't until 1960 that the dense bodies of the peripheral actin arrays of fibroblasts were finally visualized, i.e., stress fibers (SFs).

Publisher Correction: Electrical switching in a magnetically intercalated transition metal dichalcogenide.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Electrical switching in a magnetically intercalated transition metal dichalcogenide.

Advances in controlling the correlated behaviour of transition metal dichalcogenides have opened a new frontier of many-body physics in two dimensions. A field where these materials have yet to make a deep impact is antiferromagnetic spintronics-a relatively new research direction promising technologies with fast switching times, insensitivity to magnetic perturbations and reduced cross-talk. Here, we present measurements on the intercalated transition metal dichalcogenide FeNbS that exhibits antiferromagnetic ordering below 42 K (refs.

Imaging Anomalous Nematic Order and Strain in Optimally Doped BaFe_{2}(As,P)_{2}.

We present the strain and temperature dependence of an anomalous nematic phase in optimally doped BaFe_{2}(As,P)_{2}. Polarized ultrafast optical measurements reveal broken fourfold rotational symmetry in a temperature range above T_{c} in which bulk probes do not detect a phase transition. Using ultrafast microscopy, we find that the magnitude and sign of this nematicity vary on a 50-100  μm length scale, and the temperature at which it onsets ranges from 40 K near a domain boundary to 60 K deep within a domain.

Large magneto-optical Kerr effect and imaging of magnetic octupole domains in an antiferromagnetic metal.

When a polarized light beam is incident upon the surface of a magnetic material, the reflected light undergoes a polarization rotation. This magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) has been intensively studied in a variety of ferro- and ferrimagnetic materials because it provides a powerful probe for electronic and magnetic properties as well as for various applications including magneto-optical recording. Recently, there has been a surge of interest in antiferromagnets (AFMs) as prospective spintronic materials for high-density and ultrafast memory devices, owing to their vanishingly small stray field and orders of magnitude faster spin dynamics compared to their ferromagnetic counterparts.

Antiferromagnetic Resonance and Terahertz Continuum in α-RuCl_{3}.

We report measurements of optical absorption in the zigzag antiferromagnet α-RuCl_{3} as a function of temperature T, magnetic field B, and photon energy ℏω in the range ∼0.3-8.3 meV, using time-domain terahertz spectroscopy.

The rate of quasiparticle recombination probes the onset of coherence in cuprate superconductors.

In the underdoped copper-oxides, high-temperature superconductivity condenses from a nonconventional metallic "pseudogap" phase that exhibits a variety of non-Fermi liquid properties. Recently, it has become clear that a charge density wave (CDW) phase exists within the pseudogap regime. This CDW coexists and competes with superconductivity (SC) below the transition temperature Tc, suggesting that these two orders are intimately related.

The transcriptional profile of coronary arteritis in Kawasaki disease.

Background: Kawasaki Disease (KD) can cause potentially life-threatening coronary arteritis in young children, and has a likely infectious etiology. Transcriptome profiling is a powerful approach to investigate gene expression in diseased tissues. RNA sequencing of KD coronary arteries could elucidate the etiology and the host response, with the potential to improve KD diagnosis and/or treatment.

Optical gyrotropy from axion electrodynamics in momentum space.

Several emergent phenomena and phases in solids arise from configurations of the electronic Berry phase in momentum space that are similar to gauge field configurations in real space such as magnetic monopoles. We show that the momentum-space analogue of the "axion electrodynamics" term E·B plays a fundamental role in a unified theory of Berry-phase contributions to optical gyrotropy in time-reversal invariant materials and the chiral magnetic effect. The Berry-phase mechanism predicts that the rotatory power along the optic axes of a crystal must sum to zero, a constraint beyond that stipulated by point-group symmetry, but observed to high accuracy in classic experimental observations on alpha quartz.

The "myofibroblast" that is omnipresent in pathology and key to the EMT concepts does not actually exist, since normal fibroblasts contain stress fibril organelles (SMA bundles with dense bodies) variably detected by TEM and IHC: conclusions by a diagnostic pathologist with decades of ultrastructural experience.

The so-called "enigmatic" unique "myofibroblast" has been erroneously substituted for virtually all things fibroblastic in soft tissue pathology and believed to be the ultimate fibrogenic cell. It is also internationally considered to be the mesenchymal cell in un-proven post-natal EMT, EMT organ/tissue fibrosis, and the assumption that EMT/MET is key to carcinoma/adenocarcinoma invasion and metastasis. However, no such cell exists, having been mistaken for our normal ubiquitous fibrogenic fibroblasts that contain peripheral bundles of actin (SMA) with dense bodies, i.

CD84 is markedly up-regulated in Kawasaki disease arteriopathy.

The major goals of Kawasaki disease (KD) therapy are to reduce inflammation and prevent thrombosis in the coronary arteries (CA), but some children do not respond to currently available non-specific therapies. New treatments have been difficult to develop because the molecular pathogenesis is unknown. In order to identify dysregulated gene expression in KD CA, we performed high-throughput RNA sequencing on KD and control CA, validated potentially dysregulated genes by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and localized protein expression by immunohistochemistry.

Kawasaki Disease has so much to teach us!

Kawasaki Disease (KD) is primarily a childhood vasculitis of mid-size muscular arteries, of which the coronary arteries (CA) are most clinically significant. Although timely treatment with pooled intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) has significantly reduced CA pathology, as determined by ECHO cardiology, about 30% of children still develop potentially fatal aneurysms, thrombi, or stenosis. This paper describes several additional pathologies and phenomena of undetermined significance, e.

The so called "malignant fibrous histiocytoma" is actually an unusual fibrosarcoma.

The so-called "malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH)" has become progressively more enigmatic since entering the soft tissue tumor field, based on tissue culture studies performed almost 50 years ago. It inexplicably evolved from an exceedingly common soft tissue diagnosis into a problematic diagnosis. Because of the conundrum, clinicians require that "malignant fibrous histiocytoma", the name that they are familiar with, appears somewhere in the diagnosis.