Poliovirus infection blocks ERGIC-to-Golgi trafficking and induces microtubule-dependent disruption of the Golgi complex.

Cells infected with poliovirus exhibit a rapid inhibition of protein secretion and disruption of the Golgi complex. Neither the precise step at which the virus inhibits protein secretion nor the fate of the Golgi complex during infection has been determined. We find that transport-vesicle exit from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and trafficking to the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) are unaffected in the poliovirus-infected cell.

Use of the CellCard System for analyzing multiple cell types in parallel.

The CellCard system enables the analysis of multiple cell types within a single microtiter well. In doing so, the CellCard system not only determines the effect of an experimental condition on a cell type of interest, but also the relative selectivity of that response across nine other cell types. In addition, this approach of cellular multiplexing is a means of miniaturization without the necessity of microfluidic devices.

Analysis of cellular events using CellCard System in cell-based high-content multiplexed assays.

High-content screening technologies utilize assays that monitor and quantify multiple cellular events. These assays are typically performed on a single cell type with automated microscopy and image analysis. However, in order to better understand the selectivity of a compound across multiple cell lines, these types of assay must be run serially, which is time consuming.

The CellCard System: a novel approach to assessing compound selectivity for lead prioritization of G protein-coupled receptors.

Advances in high throughput screening technologies have led to the identification of many small molecules, "hits", with activities toward the target of interest. And, as the screening technologies become faster and more robust, the rate at which the molecules are identified continues to increase. This evolution of high throughput screening technologies has generated a significant strain on the laboratories involved with the downstream profiling of these hits using cell-based assays.

A novel encoded particle technology that enables simultaneous interrogation of multiple cell types.

The authors have developed a cellular analysis platform, based on encoded microcarriers, that enables the multiplexed analysis of a diverse range of cellular assays. At the core of this technology are classes of microcarriers that have unique, identifiable codes that are deciphered using CCD-based imaging and subsequent image analysis. The platform is compatible with a wide variety of cellular imaging-based assays, including calcium flux, reporter gene activation, cytotoxicity, and proliferation.

The poliovirus replication machinery can escape inhibition by an antiviral drug that targets a host cell protein.

Viral replication depends on specific interactions with host factors. For example, poliovirus RNA replication requires association with intracellular membranes. Brefeldin A (BFA), which induces a major rearrangement of the cellular secretory apparatus, is a potent inhibitor of poliovirus RNA replication.

High-throughput cell analysis using multiplexed array technologies.

The desire for more biologically relevant data from primary screening has resulted in a dramatic increase of cell-based assays in HTS labs. Consequently, new cell-array technologies are being developed to increase the quality and quantity of data emerging from such screens. These technologies take the form of both positional and non-positional formats, each with their own advantages.