Correction: Linking Dementia Pathology and Alteration in Brain Activation to Complex Daily Functional Decline During the Preclinical Dementia Stages: Protocol for a Prospective Observational Cohort Study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2196/56726.].

Linking Dementia Pathology and Alteration in Brain Activation to Complex Daily Functional Decline During the Preclinical Dementia Stages: Protocol for a Prospective Observational Cohort Study.

Background: Progressive difficulty in performing everyday functional activities is a key diagnostic feature of dementia syndromes. However, not much is known about the neural signature of functional decline, particularly during the very early stages of dementia. Early intervention before overt impairment is observed offers the best hope of reducing the burdens of Alzheimer disease (AD) and other dementias.

Global transcriptome profiles provide insights into muscle cell development and differentiation on microstructured marine biopolymer scaffolds for cultured meat production.

Biomaterial scaffolds play a pivotal role in the advancement of cultured meat technology, facilitating essential processes like cell attachment, growth, specialization, and alignment. Currently, there exists limited knowledge concerning the creation of consumable scaffolds tailored for cultured meat applications. This investigation aimed to produce edible scaffolds featuring both smooth and patterned surfaces, utilizing biomaterials such as salmon gelatin, alginate, agarose and glycerol, pertinent to cultured meat and adhering to food safety protocols.

Micropatterned Nanofiber Scaffolds of Salmon Gelatin, Chitosan, and Poly(vinyl alcohol) for Muscle Tissue Engineering.

The development of scaffolds that mimic the aligned fibrous texture of the extracellular matrix has become an important requirement in muscle tissue engineering. Electrospinning is a widely used technique to fabricate biomimetic scaffolds. Therefore, a biopolymer blend composed of salmon gelatin (SG), chitosan (Ch), and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) was developed by electrospinning onto a micropatterned (MP) collector, resulting in a biomimetic scaffold for seeding muscle cells.

Effect of Electrical Stimulation on PC12 Cells Cultured in Different Hydrogels: Basis for the Development of Biomaterials in Peripheral Nerve Tissue Engineering.

Extensive damage to peripheral nerves is a health problem with few therapeutic alternatives. In this context, the development of tissue engineering seeks to obtain materials that can help recreate environments conducive to cellular development and functional repair of peripheral nerves. Different hydrogels have been studied and presented as alternatives for future treatments to emulate the morphological characteristics of nerves.

Study of the interaction of folic acid-modified gold nanorods and fibrinogen through microfluidics: implications for protein adsorption, incorporation and viability of cancer cells.

Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are an attractive nanomaterial for potential applications in therapy and diagnostics due to their capability to direct toward specific sites in the organism. However, when exposed to plasma, GNPs can interact with different biomolecules that form a dynamic nano-bio interface called a "protein corona" (PC). Remarkably, the PC could affect multiple biological processes, such as cell targeting and uptake, cytotoxicity, and nanoparticle (NP) clearance.

Targeting Tryptophan for Tagging Through Photo-induced Electron Transfer.

The chemical modification of tryptophan (Trp) has been the subject of interest for nearly 100 years, yet the development modification conditions that exploit Trp's inherent photolability have remained elusive. In this perspective, we discuss our recently reported method for Tryptophan (Trp) photobioconjugation that uses -carbamoyl pyridinium salts to engage Trp in photo-induced electron transfer. We detail our inspiration and rationale as well as place our report in the context of select prior art in the field.

Anatase Incorporation to Bioactive Scaffolds Based on Salmon Gelatin and Its Effects on Muscle Cell Growth.

The development of new polymer scaffolds is essential for tissue engineering and for culturing cells. The use of non-mammalian bioactive components to formulate these materials is an emerging field. In our previous work, a scaffold based on salmon gelatin was developed and tested in animal models to regenerate tissues effectively and safely.

A New Edible Film to Produce In Vitro Meat.

In vitro meat is a novel concept of food science and biotechnology. Methods to produce in vitro meat employ muscle cells cultivated on a scaffold in a serum-free medium using a bioreactor. The microstructure of the scaffold is a key factor, because muscle cells must be oriented to generate parallel alignments of fibers.

Production of Biocompatible Protein Functionalized Cellulose Membranes by a Top-Down Approach.

Protein functionalized cellulose fibrils were isolated from the tunic of and subsequently used to produce protein functionalized cellulose membranes. Bleached cellulose membranes were also obtained and used as reference material. FTIR and Raman spectroscopy demonstrated that the membranes are mostly constituted of cellulose along with the presence of residual proteins and pigments.

Re-Epithelialization Appraisal of Skin Wound in a Porcine Model Using a Salmon-Gelatin Based Biomaterial as Wound Dressing.

The design of new functional materials for skin tissue engineering is an area of constant research. In this work, a novel wound-dressing biomaterial with a porous structure, previously formulated using salmon-gelatin as main component (called salmon-gelatin biomaterial (SGB)), was tested in vivo using pigs as skin wound models. Four weeks after cutaneous excision and implantation in the animals, the healing process did not show apparent symptoms of inflammation or infection.

Fabrication of Silver Nanoparticles Using a Gas Phase Nanocluster Device and Preliminary Biological Uses.

Nanoparticles can be used in a large variety of applications, including magnetic sensing, biological, superconductivity, tissue engineering, and other fields. In this study, we explore the fabrication of gas phase silver nanoparticles using a sputtering evaporation source. This setup composed of a dual magnetron cluster source holds several advantages over other techniques.

Does the Presence of Primary Circulating Prostate Cells Imply the Presence of Agressive Prostate Cancer with Early Biochemical Failure: a Comparison with the Walz Nomogram.

Background: To determine the utility of primary circulating prostate cells (CPC) for predicting early biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer and compare the results with the Walz nomogram.

Materials And Methods: A single centre prospective study of men with prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy was conducted between 2004 and 2014. Clinicalpathological details were registered, along with total serum PSA presurgery, Gleason score, extracapsular extension, positive surgical margins, infiltration of lymph nodes, seminal vesicles and pathological stage.

Limited improvement of incorporating primary circulating prostate cells with the CAPRA score to predict biochemical failure-free outcome of radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer.

Objective: To establish a prediction model for early biochemical failure based on the Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment (CAPRA) score, the presence or absence of primary circulating prostate cells (CPC) and the number of primary CPC (nCPC)/8ml blood sample is detected before surgery.

Patients And Methods: A prospective single-center study of men who underwent radical prostatectomy as monotherapy for prostate cancer. Clinical-pathological findings were used to calculate the CAPRA score.

Head to Head Comparison of the Chun Nomogram, Percentage Free PSA and Primary Circulating Prostate Cells to Predict the Presence of Prostate Cancer at Repeat Biopsy.

Background: The limitations of total serum PSA values remain problematic, especially after an initial negative prostate biopsy. In this prospective study of Chilean men with a continued suspicion of prostate cancer due to a persistently elevated total serum PSA, abnormal digital rectal examination and initial negative prostate biopsy were compared with the use of the on-line Chun nomagram, detection of primary malignant circulating prostate cells (CPCs) and free percent PSA to predict a positive second prostate biopsy. We hypothesized that men negative for circulating prostate cells have a small risk of clinically significant prostate cancer and thus may be conservatively observed.

[Injury by skull osteolytic secundary syphilis].

Bone involvement of syphilis can be observed in tertiary and congenital syphilis. It is infrequent during the secondary stage. The skull is the most affected bone in secondary syphilis, and its most frequent form of presentation is proliferative osteitis.

Comparison between Use of PSA Kinetics and Bone Marrow Micrometastasis to Define Local or Systemic Relapse in Men with Biochemical Failure after Radical Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer.

Background: Treatment of biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer is largely empirically based. The use of PSA kinetics has been used as a guide to determine local or systemic treatment of biochemical failure. We here compared PSA kinetics with detection of bone marrow micrometastasis as methods to determine local or systemic relapse.

Comparison of the Walz Nomogram and Presence of Secondary Circulating Prostate Cells for Predicting Early Biochemical Failure after Radical Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer in Chilean Men.

Purpose: To determine the utility of secondary circulating prostate cells for predicting early biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer and compare the results with the Walz nomagram.

Materials And Methods: A single centre, prospective study of men with prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy between 2004 and 2014 was conducted, with registration of clinical-pathological details, total serum PSA pre-surgery, Gleason score, extracapsular extension, positive surgical margins, infiltration of lymph nodes, seminal vesicles and pathological stage. Secondary circulating prostate cells were obtained using differential gel centrifugation and assessed using standard immunocytochemistry with anti-PSA.

Prediction model for early biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy based on the Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment score and the presence of secondary circulating prostate cells.

Objective: To establish a prediction model for early biochemical recurrence based on the Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment (CAPRA) score and the presence of secondary circulating prostate cells (CPCs).

Patients And Methods: We conducted a prospective single-centre study of men who underwent radical prostatectomy as monotherapy for prostate cancer. Clinicopathological findings were used to calculate the CAPRA score.

Possible Role of HER-2 in the Progression of Prostate Cancer from Primary Tumor to Androgen Independence.

Background: The expression of HER-2 in prostate cancer has been linked to disease progression. We analysed the presence of HER-2 expression in primary tumors in men undergoing radical prostatectomy, its association with clinical and pathological findings, and its expression in secondary circulating prostate cells (CPCs) during follow up, as well as links with biochemical failure and the effects of androgen blockade.

Materials And Methods: Consecutive men undergoing radical prostatectomy for histologically confirmed prostate cancer were analyzed.

Comparison of the Formula of PSA, Age, Prostate Volume and Race Versus PSA Density and the Detection of Primary Malignant Circulating Prostate Cells in Predicting a Positive Initial Prostate Biopsy in Chilean Men with Suspicion of Prostate Cancer.

Background: Combining risk factors for prostate cancer into a predictive tool may improve the detection of prostate cancer while decreasing the number of benign biopsies. We compare one such tool, age multiplied by prostate volume divided by total serum PSA (PSA-AV) with PSA density and detection of primary malignant circulating prostate cells (CPCs) in a Chilean prostate cancer screening program. The objectives were not only to determine the predictive values of each, but to determine the number of clinically significant cancers that would have been detected or missed.

[Expression of P504S and matrix metalloproteinase-2 in circulating prostate cells disseminated as a result of transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy as determined by immunocytochemistry: Clinical implications].

Objectives: Surgical manipulation of cancer has been shown to increase blood borne cancer cell dissemination and increase the risk of metastasis. We present the effect of prostate biopsy on prostate cell dissemination and the phenotypic characteristics of these cells.

Methods: 50 men undergoing initial prostate biopsy for suspicion of prostate cancer were studied.

Head-to-head comparison of the Montreal nomogram with the detection of primary malignant circulating prostate cells to predict prostate cancer at initial biopsy in Chilean men with suspicion of prostate cancer.

Introduction: The limitations of total serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level values remain problematic. Nomograms may improve the predictive value of a positive prostate biopsy (PB) finding. We compare in a prospective study of Chilean men suspicious of having prostate cancer (PC), owing to an elevated total serum PSA or abnormal digital rectal examination finding or both, the use of the online Montreal nomogram for the detection of primary malignant circulating prostate cells (mCPCs) to predict a positive PB finding.

Prostate cancer screening in the fit Chilean elderly: a head to head comparison of total serum PSA versus age adjusted PSA versus primary circulating prostate cells to detect prostate cancer at initial biopsy.

Background: Prostate cancer is predominately a disease of older men, with a median age of diagnosis of 68 years and 71% of cancer deaths occurring in those over 75 years of age. While prostate cancer screening is not recommended for men>70 years, fit elderly men with controlled comorbidities may have a relatively long life expectancy. We compare the use of age related PSA with the detection of primary malignant circulating prostate cells mCPCs to detect clinically significant PC in this population.

Extended use of P504S positive primary circulating prostate cell detection to determine the need for initial prostate biopsy in a prostate cancer screening program in Chile.

Background: To determine the frequency of primary circulating prostate cells (CPC) detection according to age and serum PSA levels in a cohort of men undergoing screening for prostate cancer and to determine the diagnostic yield in those men complying with the criteria for prostate biopsy.

Materials And Methods: A prospective study was carried out to analyze all men evaluated in a hospital prostate cancer screening program. Primary CPCs were obtained by differential gel centrifugation and detected using standard immunocytochemistry using anti-PSA, positive samples undergoing a second process with anti-P504S.