Infrared Thermography as an Indicator of Heat Loss in Fur-Chewing Chinchillas ().

Fur-chewing is a common problem in chinchilla (). It may affect the welfare of animals due to heat loss, thereby possibly impacting food and water intake to maintain body temperature. In this context, infrared thermography seems to be a suitable method of measuring heat emissions from the surface of objects.

The phenomenon of the monovular twinning in the endangered zatorska goose.

The phenomenon of multiple embryos in birds and other oviparous vertebrates is very rare and thus poorly studied. Some populations of wild birds or lines of poultry, including the zatorska goose, may be particularly predisposed to developing monovular twin embryos (MTE). The aim of the study was to investigate the frequency of single yolk twin embryos in the zatorska goose and to establish whether these embryos are generated as a result of polyembryony or other developmental anomalies.

Attacking Heterogeneity in Schizophrenia by Deriving Clinical Subgroups From Widely Available Symptom Data.

Previous research has identified (1) a "deficit" subtype of schizophrenia characterized by enduring negative symptoms and diminished emotionality and (2) a "distress" subtype associated with high emotionality-including anxiety, depression, and stress sensitivity. Individuals in deficit and distress categories differ sharply in development, clinical course and behavior, and show distinct biological markers, perhaps signaling different etiologies. We tested whether deficit and distress subtypes would emerge from a simple but novel data-driven subgrouping analysis, based on Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) negative and distress symptom dimensions, and whether subgrouping was informative regarding other facets of behavior and brain function.

Renal transplantation--choice of anesthesia.

The appropriate anesthesia for renal transplantation (RT) requires minimal toxicity for patient and transplant besides of sufficient pain relief and correction of vital functions. Since 1990 for this reason prolonged epidural anesthesia (PEA) was used for 42 RT. The catheterization of epidural space was performed on the spine level Th9-Th12.

Postoperative radiotherapy for radically resected N2 non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC): randomised clinical study 1988-1992.

In the period 1988-1992, 74 consecutive radically resected patients with NSCLC were randomised to postoperative radiotherapy or surgery alone in order to evaluate the influence of postoperative radiotherapy on survival. There were 61 males and 13 females, aged 35-80 years, median 59 years. Their distribution by stage was as follows: pT1N2 = 19, pT2N2 = 54, pT3N2 = one patient; histology: 32 squamous, 32 adeno and 10 large cell carcinomas; surgery: atypical resection in six, lobectomy in 27, bilobectomy in ten, and pneumonectomy in 31 patients.

The role of ifosfamide and cyclophosphamide in the multi-modality treatment after surgery for cure for small-cell bronchial carcinomas (SCLC).

For the optimisation of the therapy for small cell bronchial carcinomas (SCLC), surgery is used to eliminate the primary tumor and its regional lymph nodes and chemo- and radiotherapy for the general treatment of micrometastasis. After patho-histological examination of the operation specimen, randomization for two arms is performed for a standard chemotherapy (CAV) or a sequential chemotherapy using three different drug combinations. Thereafter all disease-free patients receive prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI).

Combination of surgery and chemotherapy for small-cell bronchial carcinoma.

In several test model systems using spontaneous metastasizing experimental tumours, convincing data indicate the importance of the tumour burden left after surgery for the efficacy of the combination of surgery and chemotherapy. Early removal of the primary tumour by radical surgery for cure seems to improve the conditions for chemotherapy. Since 1979, in nine different departments of thoracic surgery, patients with small-cell carcinoma of the lung (SCCL) have been randomized after surgery for cure to receive a new sequential intermittent polychemotherapy (sq.

[Intensive care of thoracic surgery patients].

An intensive treatment of patients undergoing thoracic surgery is important, foremost because of the extensity of the surgical procedures and the generally poor condition of the patients. As a first stage of preoperative preparation an evaluation of the functional capacity of the vital organs (heart, lungs and kidneys) is performed, and the most important infection's focci of the oro-pharynx, tracheobronchial tree, urinary tract and skin have to be detected and treated. Respiratory physiotherapy before the surgery improves the ventilatory function, enabling the patient to breath regularly and effectively cough, wherewith a bronchial spasm is prevented and bronchopulmonary infection limited.

Intrathoracic gastric and jejunal bypass for palliation of nonresectable esophageal carcinoma.

From 1963 to 1980, intrathoracic bypass anastomosis was performed in 42 patients with nonresectable esophageal carcinoma. In this study 25 patients are reported on; of these, seven presented with midthoracic and one with lower thoracic esophageal tumor, 13 with carcinoma of the cardia and four with recurrences on the esophagogastric anastomosis. Seven underwent left, and eight right intrathoracic esophagogastrostomy, whereas ten underwent left intrathoracic esophagojejunostomy.

[The choice of methods and the goals of surgical treatment of carcinoma of the esophagus].

The hitherto experience in treatment of patients with carcinoma of the oesophagus has shown that survival rates are considerably longer after resection than following the radiation therapy or palliative procedures. In our group of patients, a ratio of 16.-2:4.

The use of oesophageal pH-monitoring for the evaluation of gastrooesophageal reflux after resection of the cardia and total gastrectomy.

We intended to estimate the applicability of oesophageal pHmetry for the evaluation and diagnosis of reflux oesophagitis after resection of the cardia and total gastrectomy. We applied the system of glass calomel electrode type GK 282 C (Radiometer-Kopenhagen). The pH probe was introduced transnasally in the remnant of the stomach or into the jejunum.

[Dilemmas in thoracic surgery].

Advances in ventilation physiology have brought solutions to fundamental problems of thoracic surgery and suggested ways of coping with problems of surgical technique and cilincal pathology. The domain of thoracic surgery should cover all those areas requiring specific surgical approach to endothoracic organs, with particular emphasis on special preoperative and postoperative care of such patients. This applies to thoracic trauma as well.

[Late results of esophageal and cardial resection for cancer during the past 15 years].

Out of 196 patients--that we performed recestion on for cancerous esophagus and cardia, 30 are still alive by June 1977. 18,7% patients lived more than 5 years, and today 15 patients have been alive for more than 5 years. The majority of operated patients died due to advanced cancerous illness and metastasis, and less than half in number due to local recidive.

[Mediastinal pancreatic pseudocyst].

This article presents a case of pseudocyst of the pancreas, clinically manifested as a benign tumor of the mediastinum. The cyst had spread from the retroperitoneum into the posterior lower mediastinum behind the oesophagus. The diagnosis was proved by the histological examination of the Wall and by analysis of amylase of the cyst contents, for the intraoperatively discovered cyst of the pancreas, the wide drainage into the pleural cavity has been an effective procedure.