Effects of bariatric surgery on functional connectivity of the reward and default mode network: A pre-registered analysis.

Obesity imposes serious health risks and involves alterations in resting-state functional connectivity of brain networks involved in eating behavior. Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment, but its effects on functional connectivity are still under debate. In this pre-registered study, we aimed to determine the effects of bariatric surgery on major resting-state brain networks (reward and default mode network) in a longitudinal controlled design.

Weight loss reduces head motion: Revisiting a major confound in neuroimaging.

Head motion during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) induces image artifacts that affect virtually every brain measure. In parallel, cross-sectional observations indicate a correlation of head motion with age, psychiatric disease status and obesity, raising the possibility of a systematic artifact-induced bias in neuroimaging outcomes in these conditions, due to the differences in head motion. Yet, a causal link between obesity and head motion has not been tested in an experimental design.

Bariatric Surgery and Brain Health-A Longitudinal Observational Study Investigating the Effect of Surgery on Cognitive Function and Gray Matter Volume.

Dietary modifications leading to weight loss have been suggested as a means to improve brain health. In morbid obesity, bariatric surgery (BARS)-including different procedures, such as vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG), gastric banding (GB), or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery-is performed to induce rapid weight loss. Combining reduced food intake and malabsorption of nutrients, RYGB might be most effective, but requires life-long follow-up treatment.

Polarised epithelial monolayers of the gastric mucosa reveal insights into mucosal homeostasis and defence against infection.

Objective: causes life-long colonisation of the gastric mucosa, leading to chronic inflammation with increased risk of gastric cancer. Research on the pathogenesis of this infection would strongly benefit from an authentic human in vitro model.

Design: Antrum-derived gastric glands from surgery specimens served to establish polarised epithelial monolayers via a transient air-liquid interface culture stage to study cross-talk with and the adjacent stroma.

Improvement in self-reported eating-related psychopathology and physical health-related quality of life after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: A pre-post analysis and comparison with conservatively treated patients with obesity.

Objective: The present study examined the effects of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) on self-reported eating-related psychopathology and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Outcomes of the LSG group were compared with a group of conservatively treated (CT) patients, who underwent a 1-year multimodal weight reduction group program that included dietary advice, physical exercise, psychoeducation, cognitive-behavioral therapy, training in Jacobson's progressive muscle relaxation, and social group support. The setting was a multidisciplinary obesity center.

Abdominal fat distribution differently affects muscle strength of the upper and lower extremities in women.

Background/objectives: In obese subjects, reduced muscle mass and strength are associated with impaired functional and metabolic capacity. We therefore investigated the association between abdominal fat distribution, fat mass index and maximum muscle strength of upper and lower extremities in obese patients.

Subjects/methods: One hundred and fifty five outpatients with a body mass index (BMI)⩾30 kg/m (105 women; 45.

Overexpression of COP9 signalosome subunits, CSN7A and CSN7B, exerts different effects on adipogenic differentiation.

The COP9 signalosome (CSN) is an essential regulator of cullin-RING-ubiquitin (Ub) ligases (CRLs), which ubiquitinate important cellular regulators and target them for degradation by the Ub proteasome system (UPS). The CSN exhibits deneddylating activity localized on subunit CSN5, which removes the ubiquitin-like protein Nedd8 from the cullins of CRLs. CSN-mediated deneddylation is an important step in the process of CRL remodeling, in which new substrate recognition units are incorporated into Ub ligases to meet changed requirements for proteolysis in cells.

Changes in self-reported eating patterns after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: a pre-post analysis and comparison with conservatively treated patients with obesity.

Background: Patients with severe obesity need to adapt to surgically induced changes in their eating behaviors to maintain treatment success.

Objectives: This study examined the effects of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) on weight loss and on 3 dimensions of eating behavior, namely, cognitive restraint, disinhibition, and hunger. Outcomes of the LSG group were compared with a group of conservatively treated (CT) patients, who underwent a 1-year multimodal weight-reduction group program that included dietary advice, physical exercise, psychoeducation, cognitive-behavioral therapy, training in Jacobson's progressive muscle relaxation, and social group support.

Lead neurotoxicity: exploring the potential impact of lead substitution in zinc-finger proteins on mental health.

Childhood lead poisoning is a costly and largely preventable public health problem that lowers IQs, decreases attention spans, and leads to the development of other childhood intellectual disabilities. Furthermore, recent evidence links developmental lead poisoning with the etiology of disorders that appear much later in life, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and schizophrenia. Little is known about how lead influences the onset of these disorders.

Determinants of Weight Loss following Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy: The Role of Psychological Burden, Coping Style, and Motivation to Undergo Surgery.

Background: The amount of excess weight loss (%EWL) among obese patients after bariatric surgery varies greatly. However, reliable predictors have not been established yet. The present study evaluated the preoperative psychological burden, coping style, and motivation to lose weight as factors determining postoperative treatment success.

CAND1 exchange factor promotes Keap1 integration into cullin 3-RING ubiquitin ligase during adipogenesis.

Adipogenesis is governed by a plethora of regulatory proteins which are most commonly controlled by the ubiquitin proteasome system. Here, we show that the differentiation of LiSa-2 preadipocytes is associated with an increase of cullin-associated and neddylation-dissociated 1 (CAND1), COP9 signalosome (CSN), neddylated cullin 3 (Cul3) and the BTB protein Keap1. Silencing of CAND1 leads to a decrease and reduced integration of Keap1 into Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRL3) and to a retardation of adipogenesis.

Olfactory and Gustatory Function After Bariatric Surgery.

Background: Neither hormone levels nor malabsorption alone fully explains the distinct weight loss after bariatric surgery in morbidly obese patients. Postoperatively, patients regularly report a change in the sense of taste and the development of food aversions. Hedonic and sensory components like olfactory and gustatory stimuli significantly affect appetite and flavour.

A novel human gastric primary cell culture system for modelling Helicobacter pylori infection in vitro.

Background And Aims: Helicobacter pylori is the causative agent of gastric diseases and the main risk factor in the development of gastric adenocarcinoma. In vitro studies with this bacterial pathogen largely rely on the use of transformed cell lines as infection model. However, this approach is intrinsically artificial and especially inappropriate when it comes to investigating the mechanisms of cancerogenesis.

[Procedure selection and technique of metabolic surgery].

Metabolic surgery is becoming an impressive therapeutic option for type 2 diabetes mellitus and other metabolic diseases. Compared to conservative therapy bariatric procedures, such as gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy, gastric banding and biliopancreatic diversion, seem to achieve significantly higher remission rates and improvements in blood glucose metabolism. Recent studies describe additional effect mechanisms which go beyond the assumed mechanisms of restriction and malabsorption.

Ghrelin and NUCB2/nesfatin-1 are expressed in the same gastric cell and differentially correlated with body mass index in obese subjects.

The orexigenic peptide ghrelin and the anorexigenic peptide nesfatin-1 are expressed by the same endocrine cell of the rat stomach, the X/A-like cell. However, data in humans are lacking, especially under conditions of obesity. We collected gastric tissue of obese patients undergoing sleeve gastrectomy and investigated the expression of nesfatin-1 and ghrelin in the gastric oxyntic mucosa by immunofluorescence.

The COP9 signalosome, cullin 3 and Keap1 supercomplex regulates CHOP stability and adipogenesis.

Obesity is one of the most serious health problems of the 21(st) century. It is associated with highly increased risk of type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease as well as several cancers. The expansion of the fat tissue needs the differentiation of preadipocytes to adipocytes, a process called adipogenesis.

Nissen versus Dor fundoplication for treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease: a blinded randomized clinical trial.

Introduction: Fundoplication techniques for treatment of gastroesophageal reflux are discussed concerning impairments and success. This randomized trial was conducted to compare Nissen's wrap and the anterior partial technique (Dor) concerning patients' quality of life (QoL) and functional data after a mid-term follow-up.

Methods: In a 24-month period, 64 patients were equally randomized into group A (Nissen's fundoplication) and group B (180° anterior partial fundoplication).

Long-term results of quality of life after standard laparoscopic vs. robot-assisted laparoscopic fundoplications for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. A comparative clinical trial.

Background: The role of telematic surgical approach in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is still unclear.

Methods: The aim of the study is to assess disease specific symptoms and quality of life in patients with GERD treated with either traditional laparoscopic (TL) or robot-assisted fundoplication using the Da Vinci system (DV) in long-term follow-up.

Results: Eighty patients underwent a fundoplication in 2003.

First surgical tumour reduction of peritoneal surface malignancy in a rat's model.

Surgical therapy of peritoneal surface malignancy from colorectal origin in combination with Hyperthermic Intraoperative Peritoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC) has now become an established treatment approach in very few specialised centres. A peritonectomy procedure is possible to perform with additional HIPEC in patients. An experimental model to simulate peritonectomy procedure and HIPEC does not exist so far in rats.

[Demands of private gastroenterologists for collaborative treatment concepts with clinics. Results of a Germany-wide survey].

Background: New demands and possibilities of collaboration between hospitals and private practices in Germany have appeared, now that the way has been opened legally. A poll was conducted to analyse the current status of collaboration between outpatient gastroenterologists and hospital surgical departments and to identify possible future collaborations.

Materials And Methods: One thousand twenty-six private practices specialising in endoscopy were found by contacting the Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians and additional internet research.

[Impact of pneumoperitoneum on expression of E-cadherin, CD44v6 and CD54 (ICAM-1) on HT-29 colon-carcinoma cells].

Introduction: The mechanism of potential tumor cell spread and growth during laparoscopy is poorly understood. Nevertheless, different experimental studies reported a stimulation of tumor cell growth and an increased metastatic potential of carcinoma cells using carbon dioxide as an insufflation medium. Adhesion molecules do play an important and regulatory function in the process of metastatic spread and invasion of cancer cells.

Morphology of the rat peritoneum after carbon dioxide and helium pneumoperitoneum: a scanning electron microscopic study.

Background: Laparoscopic surgery for patients with cancer has been debated because of the susceptibility that laparoscopic incisions have shown for metastatic tumor growth. Structural damage of the mesothelial layer attributable to the pneumoperitoneum may facilitate intraabdominal tumor cell adhesion and growth. The influence of carbon dioxide (CO(2)) and helium pneumoperitoneum on the morphology of the peritoneum was examined.

Laparoscopic removal of ingested pin penetrating the gastric wall in an immunosuppressed patient.

Foreign body ingestion is a well-recognized and relative common problem. Most foreign bodies pass spontaneously and uneventfully through the digestive tract. In some cases, however, the ingestion of foreign bodies is associated with a high risk of complications because of their size or shape or the hosts medical status.