Skin intrinsic fluorescence is associated with coronary artery disease in individuals with long duration of type 1 diabetes.

Objective: Skin intrinsic fluorescence (SIF) reflects many factors, including the presence of certain advanced glycation end products. We investigated whether SIF was associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) in type 1 diabetes and whether this relationship was independent of renal disease.

Research Design And Methods: SIF was measured in 112 subjects from the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications (EDC) study and 60 from MedStar Health Research Institute when mean age and diabetes duration were 48 and 36 years, respectively.

Improvements in the life expectancy of type 1 diabetes: the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications study cohort.

Survival in type 1 diabetes has improved, but the impact on life expectancy in the U.S. type 1 diabetes population is not well established.

Long-term effects of the Diabetes Prevention Program interventions on cardiovascular risk factors: a report from the DPP Outcomes Study.

Aims: Whether long-term cardiovascular risk is reduced by the Diabetes Prevention Program interventions is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the long-term differences in cardiovascular disease risk factors and the use of lipid and blood pressure medications by the original Diabetes Prevention Program intervention group.

Methods: This long-term follow-up (median 10 years, interquartile range 9.

Identifying self-perceived HIV-related stigma in a population accessing antiretroviral therapy.

This study identifies factors associated with self-perceived HIV-related stigma (stigma) among a cohort of individuals accessing antiretroviral therapy in British Columbia, Canada. Data were drawn from the Longitudinal Investigations into Supportive and Ancillary Health Services study, which collects social, clinical, and quality of life (QoL) information through an interviewer-administered survey. Clinical variables (i.

Femoral-gluteal adiposity is not associated with insulin sensitivity in type 1 diabetes.

Aims: To quantify and compare associations between femoral-gluteal adiposity and insulin sensitivity in adults with Type 1 diabetes mellitus with adults with normal glucose tolerance.

Methods: Individuals with Type 1 diabetes (n = 28) were recruited from the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complication study, a 24-year prospective study of childhood-onset diabetes, and compared cross-sectionally with individuals with normal glucose tolerance (n = 56) of similar age, sex and BMI. Insulin sensitivity was defined as whole-body glucose disposal measured by hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamps.

A systematic review of omega-3 fatty acids and osteoporosis.

Some epidemiological evidence suggests that diets high in omega 3 fatty acids (n-3 FAs) may be beneficial for skeletal health. The aim of this systematic review was to determine if randomized controlled trials (RCTs) support a positive effect of n-3 FAs on osteoporosis. A systematic search was performed in PubMed and EMBASE databases.

Test characteristics of the ankle-brachial index and ankle-brachial difference for medial arterial calcification on X-ray in type 1 diabetes.

Objective: Medial arterial calcification (MAC) is common in diabetes, has a characteristic appearance on X-ray imaging, and has been linked with peripheral arterial stiffness and cardiovascular disease. However, few studies have measured X-ray MAC. It has been suggested that an ankle-brachial index (ABI) >1.

Predictors of and survival after incident stroke in type 1 diabetes.

Few studies have examined stroke risk in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Stroke incidence, predictors, and survival were thus explored in this study. Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications (EDC) Study participants (n = 658) with childhood-onset T1DM were followed biennially for 18 years.

Directions for advancing the study of work transitions in the 21st century.

Objectives: The purpose of this article is to share the details, outcomes and deliverables from an international workshop on work transitions in London, Ontario, Canada.

Participants: Researchers, graduate students, and community group members met to identity ways to advance the knowledge base of strategies to enhance work participation for those in the most disadvantaged groups within society.

Methods: A participatory approach was used in this workshop with presentations by researchers and graduate students.

Serum metabolic profiling in inflammatory bowel disease.

Background: The inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), Crohn's disease (CD), and ulcerative colitis (UC), are chronic inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract whose pathogenesis is not completely understood. (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of serum generates comprehensive metabolic profiles, reflecting systemic metabolism, which may be altered in disease states.

Aim: The aim of this study was to use (1)H NMR-based serum metabolic profiling in the investigation of CD patients, UC patients, and controls, potentially to provide insights into disordered metabolism in IBD, and into underlying mechanisms of disease.

Global prevalence and major risk factors of diabetic retinopathy.

Objective: To examine the global prevalence and major risk factors for diabetic retinopathy (DR) and vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy (VTDR) among people with diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: A pooled analysis using individual participant data from population-based studies around the world was performed. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify all population-based studies in general populations or individuals with diabetes who had ascertained DR from retinal photographs.

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol in diabetes: is higher always better?

Background: Recent data suggest that highly elevated high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) may not always protect against cardiovascular disease. To what degree this is true in type 1 diabetes is unknown, although cardiovascular risk is increased despite elevated mean HDL-C.

Objective: To reassess the association between HDL-C and its subfractions with coronary artery disease (CAD) in childhood-onset type 1 diabetes.

Sex differences in the development of kidney disease in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a contemporary analysis.

Background: Kidney disease in patients with type 1 diabetes historically has been believed to be more prevalent in men. Because recent data do not reflect this pattern, we evaluated whether a sex difference persists.

Study Design: Prospective cohort study.

Pulse wave analysis and cardiac autonomic neuropathy in type 1 diabetes: a report from the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study.

Background: The cross-sectional associations of cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) with pulse wave analysis (PWA) measures (both arterial stiffness and myocardial perfusion) have not been explored in type 1 diabetes, despite recognition of an association of CAN with coronary artery disease.

Methods: Both CAN and PWA measures were obtained from 144 participants of the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study of childhood-onset type 1 diabetes at the 18-year follow-up examination. CAN was measured as variability in the R-R interval during deep breathing, and PWA was performed using SphgymoCor Px (AtCor Medical, Sydney, Australia).

Review article: defining remission in ulcerative colitis.

Background: There is no international agreement on scoring systems used to measure disease activity in ulcerative colitis, nor is there a validated definition for disease remission.

Aim: To review the principles and components for defining remission in ulcerative colitis and propose a definition that will help improve patient outcomes.

Methods: A review of current standards of remission from the perspective of clinical trials, guidelines, clinical practice and patients was conducted by the authors.

The role of antihypertensive therapy in reducing vascular complications of type 2 diabetes. Findings from the DIabetic REtinopathy Candesartan Trials-Protect 2 study.

Background: Recent trials question previously accepted low blood pressure targets in type 2 diabetes to reduce complication risk. We explored this question in the DIabetic REtinopathy Candesartan Trials-Protect 2 clinical trial.

Methods: A total of 1905 normoalbuminuric participants with type 2 diabetes and mild-moderate retinopathy were randomized to candesartan or placebo.

Differences in inflammatory bowel disease phenotype between South Asians and Northern Europeans living in North West London, UK.

Objectives: The incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing throughout Asia. Since the 1950s, there has been substantial migration from South Asia (India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh) to the United Kingdom. The aim of this study was to define the clinical phenotype of IBD in UK South Asians living in North West London, and to compare the results with a white Northern European IBD cohort.

Shared medical appointments: promoting weight loss in a clinical setting.

Introduction: Shared medical appointments (SMAs) are 90-minute group appointments for patients with similar medical complaints. SMAs include components of a traditional office visit but provide further emphasis on health education. The effectiveness of SMAs on weight-loss in an outpatient setting has not been studied.

Crohn's disease.

Introduction: Crohn's disease is a chronic condition of the gastrointestinal tract. It is characterised by transmural, granulomatous inflammation that occurs in a discontinuous pattern, with a tendency to form fistulae. The cause is unknown but may depend on interactions between genetic predisposition, environmental triggers, and mucosal immunity.

Guidelines for the management of inflammatory bowel disease in adults.

The management of inflammatory bowel disease represents a key component of clinical practice for members of the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG). There has been considerable progress in management strategies affecting all aspects of clinical care since the publication of previous BSG guidelines in 2004, necessitating the present revision. Key components of the present document worthy of attention as having been subject to re-assessment, and revision, and having direct impact on practice include: The data generated by the nationwide audits of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) management in the UK in 2006, and 2008.

Associations between socioeconomic status and major complications in type 1 diabetes: the Pittsburgh epidemiology of diabetes complication (EDC) Study.

Purpose: To understand the effect of socioeconomic status (SES) on the risk of complications in type 1 diabetes (T1D), we explored the relationship between SES and major diabetes complications in a prospective, observational T1D cohort study.

Methods: Complete data were available for 317 T1D persons within 4 years of age 28 (ages 24-32) in the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study. Age 28 was selected to maximize income, education, and occupation potential and to minimize the effect of advanced diabetes complications on SES.

Association of socioeconomic status with mortality in type 1 diabetes: the Pittsburgh epidemiology of diabetes complications study.

Purpose: Socioeconomic status (SES) as a risk factor for mortality in type 1 diabetes (T1D) has not been adequately studied prospectively.

Methods: Complete clinical and SES (income, education, occupation) data were available for 317 T1D participants in the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study within 4 years of age 28 (chosen to maximize income, education, and occupational potential, and to minimize the SES effect of advanced diabetes complications). Vital status was determined as of 1/1/2008.

Low physical function as a risk factor for incident diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance.

Data from 1790 HIV-infected and uninfected men in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) were analyzed to evaluate relationships between physical function, incident diabetes mellitus (DM) and insulin resistance among HIV-infected and -uninfected men. DM was defined in two ways, using less stringent and more stringent criteria. The 10-item Physical Functioning Scale from the Short Form-36 Health Survey measured baseline physical function.