Severe Insulin Pump-Related Adverse Events: Potential Root Causes and Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objective: To explore insulin pump-associated severe adverse events (SAEs) involving intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and deaths and examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on these SAEs.

Methods: Qualitative template analysis of narrative data in reported insulin pump-associated SAEs occurring between May 1, 2019, and January 31, 2021, involving MiniMed 670G, MiniMed 630G, Omnipod, Omnipod DASH, and t:slim X2 insulin pumps.

Results: Over the 21-month measurement period, 460 SAEs involving an ICU admission and 288 SAEs involving a death were reported to the Food and Drug Administration.

Association of comorbid obstructive sleep apnea and insomnia with risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in sleep medicine center patients.

Objectives: To investigate the association between comorbid obstructive sleep apnea and insomnia and major adverse cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction, unstable angina, congestive heart failure, and stroke, in adults with suspected sleep disorders who underwent sleep apnea testing.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of electronic medical records data from patients with clinical encounters at sleep medicine centers to identify patients with comorbid obstructive sleep apnea and insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea only, insomnia only, and patients without a diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea or insomnia (i.e.

How and Why the Choice of Success Criteria Can Impact Therapy Service Delivery: A Worked Example From a Psychological Therapy Service for Anxiety and Depression.

Background: Well-defined measures of therapeutic benefit are essential for evaluating therapies and services. However, there is no single gold standard for defining 'successful' outcomes. We therefore examined the potential impact of adopting different success criteria.

"Life Without Symptoms" or "Being Able to Enjoy Life": What does it Mean to be "Well" After Cancer?

Objective: To achieve wellness in cancer survivorship, researchers and clinicians need a better understanding of what it means to live "well", from the perspective of cancer survivors themselves.

Methods: Australian and UK cancer survivors (N = 376) diagnosed in the previous five years, were asked "What does it mean to be well?", with an open-ended text response. Responses were coded using content analysis.

Patient-level factors associated with the self-report of trouble sleeping to healthcare providers in adults at high risk for obstructive sleep apnea.

Introduction: In adults at risk for obstructive sleep apnea, it is unclear what patient-level factors and symptoms may influence communication with healthcare providers regarding sleep difficulties. This analysis examined associations between sociodemographic characteristics, comorbidities, and obstructive sleep apnea-related symptoms and whether adults at high risk for obstructive sleep apnea reported trouble sleeping to an healthcare provider.

Methods: The sample included participants from the 2015-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey determined by a modified STOP-Bang to be at high risk for obstructive sleep apnea (n = 2009).

"And Does That Necessarily Mean Absolutely Alzheimer's?" An Analysis of Questions Raised Following Amyloid PET Results Disclosure.

Introduction: Amyloid PET scans provide individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) information about their risk of progressing to Alzheimer's dementia (AD). Given the wide-ranging implications of this information, best practice guidelines are needed to support researchers and clinicians disclosing these high-stakes test results. To inform the development of such guidelines, this analysis aims to describe questions and concerns raised during the disclosure of amyloid PET results in the context of MCI.

The Impact of the Coronavirus Pandemic on the Contribution of Local Green Space and Nature Connection to Mental Health.

Background: Exposure to green space and feeling connected to the natural environment have independently been associated with improved mental health outcomes. During the coronavirus pandemic, people experienced restrictions on access to the outdoors, and health data indicated a decline in mental health in the UK general population.

Methods: Data available from two independent surveys conducted prior to and during the pandemic enabled a naturally occurring comparison of mental health and its correlates prior to and during the pandemic.

Risk stratification by sex and menopausal status in the multivariable apnea prediction index.

Study Objectives: To determine the sensitivity of the Multivariable Apnea Prediction (MAP) index for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in pre- and post-menopausal women with the goal of developing a tailored scoring classification approach.

Methods: Data from two studies (N = 386); the diabetes sleep treatment trial (N = 236) and EMPOWER (N = 150) were used to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the MAP index by comparing men (n = 129) to women (n = 257), and premenopausal (n = 100) to post-menopausal women (n = 136). We evaluated participants at two cut points, apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) values of ≥ 5 and ≥ 10, using 0.

Perioperative management of obstructive sleep apnea in lower extremity orthopedic procedures: A review of evidence to inform the development of a clinical pathway.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is unrecognized in as high as 80% of patients before surgery. When untreated, OSA increases a surgical patient's propensity for airway collapse and sleep deprivation lending to a higher risk for emergent re-intubation, prolonged recovery time, escalation of care, hospital readmission, and longer length of stay. We have reviewed the evidence regarding diagnostic performance of OSA screening methods and the impact of perioperative management strategies on postoperative complications among patients with diagnosed or suspected OSA who are undergoing orthopedic surgery.

Psychological benefits of outdoor physical activity in natural versus urban environments: A systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental studies.

The impact of environmental context on the psychological benefits derived from physical activity has attracted research attention in recent years. Previous reviews have compared effects of indoor versus outdoor exercise. This review compares the effects of physical activity undertaken in outdoor green natural environments versus outdoor urban environments on psychological health outcomes in adult general populations.

Developing habit-based health behaviour change interventions: twenty-one questions to guide future research.

Objective: Habitual behaviours are triggered automatically, with little conscious forethought. Theory suggests that making healthy behaviours habitual, and breaking the habits that underpin many ingrained unhealthy behaviours, promotes long-term behaviour change. This has prompted interest in incorporating habit formation and disruption strategies into behaviour change interventions.

Attitudes, Habits, and Behavior Change.

Efforts to guide peoples' behavior toward environmental sustainability, good health, or new products have emphasized informational and attitude change strategies. There is evidence that changing attitudes leads to changes in behavior, yet this approach takes insufficient account of the nature and operation of habits, which form boundary conditions for attitude-directed interventions. Integration of research on attitudes and habits might enable investigators to identify when and how behavior change strategies will be most effective.

The Impact of Illness Perceptions and Coping Strategies on Use of Supportive Care for Cancer.

Despite evidence that survivorship support programmes enhance physical and psychosocial wellbeing, cancer patients and survivors often do not use these supportive care services. This study investigated the utility of the Common Sense Model of Self-Regulation for predicting supportive care use following cancer, and the mediating role of coping strategies. Cancer patients and survivors ( = 336 from Australia, = 61 from the UK; 191 males, 206 females) aged 20-83 years (Mean (M) = 62.

Ethical Considerations in Communicating Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Biomarker Test Results to Symptomatic Individuals.

This article examines ethical issues associated with the return of AD neuroimaging results to cognitively symptomatic individuals. Following a review of research on patient and study partner reactions to learning the results of biomarker testing for AD, we examine ethical issues that will be of increasing significance as the field transitions to an era wherein disease-modifying treatments for AD become available. We first review the ethical justification for returning AD biomarker results to individuals who desire them.

Patterns of Genital Sexual Arousal in Transgender Men.

Most men show genital sexual arousal to one preferred gender. Most women show genital arousal to both genders, regardless of their sexual preferences. There is limited knowledge of whether this difference is driven by biological sex or gender identity.

Effect of information on reducing inappropriate expectations and requests for antibiotics.

People often expect antibiotics when they are clinically inappropriate (e.g., for viral infections).

The common sense model of illness self-regulation: a conceptual review and proposed extended model.

The common sense model of illness self-regulation outlines the dynamic processes by which individuals perceive, interpret, and respond to health threats and illness-related information. An extended version of the model is proposed, which specifies additional constructs and processes to explain how lay perceptions of health threats impact coping responses and health-related outcomes. The extended model provides detail on: (a) the mediating process by which individuals' illness representations relate to illness outcomes through adoption of coping procedures; (b) how illness representations are activated by presentation of health-threatening stimuli; (c) behavioral and treatment beliefs as determinants of coping procedures and illness outcomes alongside illness representations; and (d) effects of moderators of relations between cognitive representations, coping procedures, and illness outcomes.

Loosening the GRIP (Gender Roles Inhibiting Prosociality) to Promote Gender Equality.

Prosociality is an ideal context to begin shifting traditional gender role stereotypes and promoting equality. Men and women both help others frequently, but assistance often follows traditional gender role expectations, which further reinforces restrictive gender stereotypes in other domains. We propose an integrative process model of gender roles inhibiting prosociality (GRIP) to explain why and how this occurs.

Outdoor recreational activity experiences improve psychological wellbeing of military veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder: Positive findings from a pilot study and a randomised controlled trial.

The authors confirm that all ongoing and related trials for this intervention are registered. The studies reported in this manuscript are registered as clinical trials at ISRCTN: Pilot ID- ISRCTN15325073 RCT ID- ISRCTN59395217.

Psychometric properties of the stress control mindset measure in university students from Australia and the UK.

Introduction: Beliefs about the consequences of stress, stress mindsets, are associated with health and performance outcomes under stress. This article reports the development and examination of the psychometric properties of a measure of stress mindset: The Stress Control Mindset Measure (SCMM). The measure is consistent with theory on mindsets about self-attributes and conceptualizes stress mindset as the extent to which individuals endorse beliefs that stress can be enhancing.

Action bias in the public's clinically inappropriate expectations for antibiotics.

Clinical guidelines recommend that physicians educate patients about illnesses and antibiotics to eliminate inappropriate preferences for antibiotics. We expected that information provision about illnesses and antibiotics would reduce but not eliminate inappropriate preferences for antibiotics and that cognitive biases could explain why some people resist the effect of information provision. In 2 experiments, participants (₁ = 424; ₂ = 434) either received incomplete information (about the viral etiology of their infection) or complete information (about viral etiology and the ineffectiveness and harms of taking antibiotics), before deciding to rest or take antibiotics.

Treatment preferences in fibromyalgia patients: A cross-sectional web-based survey.

Background: Therapeutic approaches to fibromyalgia (FM) are shifting towards a combined multi-treatment approach to tackle the variety of symptoms experienced in FM. Importantly, little is known about FM patients' attitude towards the available treatments.

Methods: A cross-sectional web survey obtained responses from 464 individuals who satisfied diagnostic criteria for FM.

'Always take your doctor's advice': Does trust moderate the effect of information on inappropriate antibiotic prescribing expectations?

Objectives To reduce overprescribing, health campaigns urge physicians to provide people with information regarding appropriate antibiotic use and encourage the public to trust their physicians' prescribing decisions. We test (1) whether providing individuals with complete information about the viral aetiology of an illness and the ineffectiveness of antibiotics will reduce inappropriate antibiotic expectations, (2) whether individuals with greater trust in their physician will have lower expectations, and (3) whether individuals with greater trust in their physician will benefit more from the complete information provision and have lower expectations. Design Experiment 1 features a between-subjects design (information provision: baseline vs.

The intuitive use of contextual information in decisions made with verbal and numerical quantifiers.

Verbal and numerical formats (e.g., verbal: "low fat," or numerical: "20% fat") are used interchangeably to communicate nutritional information.

Correction to: Finger Length Ratios of Identical Twins with Discordant Sexual Orientations.

Readers should note that the confidence intervals for the effect of sexual orientation on 2D:4D in the left hand of female twins are incorrectly reported in Table 1 of this article. In particular, the upper limit of the confidence intervals is missing a minus sign.