Publications by authors named "Oraib Al-Rabadi"

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a rare form of malignant bone tumor affecting jaws. The diagnosis of jaws osteosarcoma (JO) presents a unique challenge due to its rarity and the diversity of histological presentations it can exhibit. Fibroblastic osteosarcoma (FO), a subtype of OS, is characterized by the presence of fibroblastic cells and osteoid-producing cells within the tumor matrix.

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Collagen IV pathogenic variants are present in Alport syndrome (AS) and some forms of familial focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). These conditions pose diagnostic challenges due to overlapping clinical, histological, and genetic features. Ocular coherence tomography (OCT) has emerged as a pivotal diagnostic tool by revealing ocular manifestations characteristic of AS.

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  • Gitelman Syndrome (GS) is a rare genetic disorder that leads to low potassium and magnesium levels, alongside other metabolic issues, and presents unique challenges in managing these conditions during pregnancy.
  • A case study of a 20-year-old woman with GS highlights the use of amiloride, a medication typically used for GS, to successfully manage her persistent low potassium levels during pregnancy and lactation.
  • The treatment with amiloride effectively controlled her symptoms without causing any harmful effects on her newborn, suggesting potential safety for the mother and child under careful management.
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  • The study examines natural immunity levels among healthcare workers (HCWs) exposed to COVID-19 in the early stages of the pandemic and seeks to optimize vaccine distribution given limited resources.
  • Conducted between January and March 2021, it analyzed serum samples from 251 HCWs, finding over 40% had COVID-19 IgG antibodies, indicating prior exposure.
  • The findings suggest prioritizing HCWs without existing antibodies for vaccination, while revealing no link between immunity levels and factors like smoking or blood type.
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Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) represents a rare subtype of breast cancer, characterized by poor prognostic indicators that have been recently identified. Clinical and radiological presentations often mimic other breast cancer types, necessitating immunohistochemistry (IHC) for accurate diagnosis. In this study, we report a case involving a 31-year-old female presenting with a painless, fixed, non-inflammatory mass in the left breast, which was confirmed as MBC.

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Background: To outline the resources deemed most beneficial to medical students during their general surgery clerkship, as well as to examine their link to students' general surgery scores and the usage of artificial intelligence in general surgery study.

Methods: A retrospective survey of Jordanian medical students from six universities was done between March and June 2023 using a 7-item questionnaire covering questions concerning general surgery study methods and scores. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate demographic data.

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Here, we used digital spatial profiling (DSP) to describe the glomerular transcriptomic signatures that may characterize the complex molecular mechanisms underlying progressive kidney disease in Alport syndrome, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and membranous nephropathy. Our results revealed significant transcriptional heterogeneity among diseased glomeruli, and this analysis showed that histologically similar glomeruli manifested different transcriptional profiles. Using glomerular pathology scores to establish an axis of progression, we identified molecular pathways with progressively decreased expression in response to increasing pathology scores, including signal recognition particle-dependent cotranslational protein targeting to membrane and selenocysteine synthesis pathways.

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Background With the increasing use of imaging techniques involving ionizing radiation, the area of the body scanned should be restricted to what is required to answer the clinical question. Therefore, this is a retrospective audit that intends to evaluate the presence of overscanning in renal computed tomography (CT) scan images during the process of evaluation for urinary symptoms. Objective This study aims to reduce the unnecessary scan length and exposure to radiation in patients who undergo CT scans for urinary symptoms.

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Introduction Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is known for its aggressive nature and poor prognosis. Despite its responsiveness to chemotherapy, TNBC presents challenges in terms of survival, recurrence, and mortality rates, particularly in diverse populations. Limited research in the Middle East hampers comprehensive understanding and tailored management.

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Introduction:  Incidental dural tears (IDTs) are sometimes observed as an intraoperative complication associated with lumbar spine surgery. Commonly, this complication is recognized and repaired during surgery, but if it is undiagnosed or inadequately treated, a variety of consequences may occur. Many techniques have been developed to treat cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage, and each has its limitations.

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Following spinal cord injury (SCI), upper extremity (UE) weakness may impede one's ability to carry out activities of daily living (ADLs). Such a limitation drastically lowers a person's level of independence. Additionally, therapy and the field of assistive technology continue to place a strong premium on the restoration of UE motor function in patients with SCI.

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Working with 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients is currently considered one of the main fears and challenges that face healthcare workers (HCWs), especially nurses. This challenge can jeopardize the quality of health care services for those patients and cause a serious mental burden to HCWs. To understand and estimate the risk of COVID-19 infection among HCWs who directly serve COVID-19 patients.

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The objective of this study was to provide an appropriate evaluation of ambient air quality in industrial localities and the surrounding residential areas in its vicinity. Therefore, an assessment of gaseous emissions from industrial sectors was performed. For this purpose, concentrations were measured for SO, HS, NO, O, CO, PM, and PM in five spatially diverse monitoring stations (AQMS) over different temporal intervals (daily, monthly, and annual) for the years 2015-2020.

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The discovery of new target antigens in membranous nephropathy (MN) has revealed new disease phenotypes and, in some cases, has suggested mechanisms of disease shared by two concurrent autoimmune diseases. Subject of Review: Several recent reports and an accompanying editorial describe the association of anti-contactin-1 (CNTN1) autoantibodies of the IgG4 subclass with a novel subtype of MN that co-occurs with a form of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy caused by anti-CNTN1 antibodies. CNTN1, the cellular source of which is still undetermined, is identified as the target antigen in the kidney since it is present within glomerular subepithelial deposits and anti-CNTN1 IgG4 antibodies can be eluted from the corresponding kidney biopsy tissue.

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Pro-inflammatory immune system development, metabolomic defects, and deregulation of autophagy play interconnected roles in driving the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Lupus nephritis (LN) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in SLE. While the causes of SLE have not been clearly delineated, skewing of T and B cell differentiation, activation of antigen-presenting cells, production of antinuclear autoantibodies and pro-inflammatory cytokines are known to contribute to disease development.

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Genetic testing for pathogenic variants is usually undertaken to investigate the cause of persistent hematuria, especially with a family history of hematuria or kidney function impairment. Alport syndrome experts now advocate genetic testing for persistent hematuria, even when a heterozygous pathogenic or is suspected, and cascade testing of their first-degree family members because of their risk of impaired kidney function. The experts recommend too that or heterozygotes do not act as kidney donors.

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The identification of the major target antigen phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) in the majority of primary (idiopathic) cases of membranous nephropathy (MN) has been followed by the rapid identification of numerous minor antigens that appear to define phenotypically distinct forms of disease. This article serves to review all the known antigens that have been shown to localize to subepithelial deposits in MN, as well as the distinctive characteristics associated with each subtype of MN. We will also shed light on the novel proteomic approaches that have allowed identification of the most recent antigens.

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Introduction: Microbial keratitis is a serious potentially blinding corneal infection. Contact lens wear remains the most common predisposing factor. Fungal keratitis represent only a small fraction of the overall number of cases of contact lens-associated microbial keratitis, however they are proportionally more severe.

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Background: Docetaxel in combination with two HER2-directed therapies, trastuzumab and pertuzumab, is the current standard frontline therapy for patients with metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer. Ado-trastuzumab (T-DM1), an antibody-drug conjugate of trastuzumab and a cytotoxic microtubule-inhibitory agent, emtansine, is approved in patients that have progressed with prior trastuzumab-based therapy. However, the benefit of T-DM1 in patients previously treated with pertuzumab therapy for metastatic breast cancer remains unclear.

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Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of adding oregano (Origanum syriacum L.) and germander (Teucrium polium L.) to poultry diets individually and/or in combination: i) on cooked chicken meat quality and storage stability, ii) to compare this effect with those of the synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and with the normal basic diet (Control: without supplements).

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  • The EphB2 receptor tyrosine kinase is significantly increased in injured kidney tissues of both mice and humans with chronic kidney disease, indicating a potential role in kidney fibrosis.
  • Mice lacking EphB2 (EphB2KO) showed better kidney function and less injury after ischemia-reperfusion injury, suggesting that EphB2 may be detrimental in this context.
  • Analysis of fibrosis-related genes revealed that many profibrotic gene expressions return to normal levels when EphB2 is absent, highlighting its key role in promoting renal fibrosis after kidney injury.
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Kidney failure is common in patients with Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19), resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. In an international collaboration, 284 kidney biopsies were evaluated to improve understanding of kidney disease in COVID-19. Diagnoses were compared to five years of 63,575 native biopsies prior to the pandemic and 13,955 allograft biopsies to identify diseases that have increased in patients with COVID-19.

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  • Identification of the novel target antigen HTRA1 explains a subset of primary membranous nephropathy (MN) cases where traditional antigens are not detected, addressing 15%-20% of patients with unknown causes.
  • Utilizing advanced methods such as mass spectrometry and immunoblotting, researchers demonstrated that antibodies to HTRA1 correlated with disease activity, indicating its relevance in MN.
  • The study highlights the significance of HTRA1 in MN, identifying its presence in immune deposits in affected patients and confirming a 4.2% prevalence in a group lacking other known antigens.
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