Two-Dimensional SEC-SEC-UV-MALS-dRI Workflow for Streamlined Analysis and Characterization of Biopharmaceuticals.

The emergence of complex biological modalities in the biopharmaceutical industry entails a significant expansion of the current analytical toolbox to address the need to deploy meaningful and reliable assays at an unprecedented pace. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) is an industry standard technique for protein separation and analysis. Some constraints of traditional SEC stem from its restricted ability to resolve complex mixtures and notoriously long run times while also requiring multiple offline separation conditions on different pore size columns to cover a wider molecular size distribution.

Accelerating Pharmaceutical Process Development with an Acoustic Droplet Ejection-Multiple Reaction Monitoring-Mass Spectrometry Workflow.

Fast-paced pharmaceutical process developments (e.g., high-throughput experimentation, directed evolution, and machine learning) involve the introduction of fast, sensitive, and accurate analytical assays using limited sample volumes.

Utility of bacterial peptidoglycan recycling enzymes in the chemoenzymatic synthesis of valuable UDP sugar substrates.

Uridine diphosphate (UDP) sugars are essential precursors for glycosylation reactions in all forms of life. Reactions that transfer the carbohydrate from the UDP donor are catalyzed by glycosyltransferases (Gtfs). While the stereochemistry and negative physiological charge of UDP-sugars are essential for their biochemical function in the cell, these characteristics make them challenging molecules to synthesize and purify on scale in the laboratory.

Modulation of the NOD-like receptors NOD1 and NOD2: A chemist's perspective.

The innate immune system is the body's first defense against invading microorganisms, relying on the recognition of bacterial-derived small molecules by host protein receptors. This recognition event and downstream immune response rely heavily on the specific chemical features of both the innate immune receptors and their bacterial derived ligands. This review presents a chemist's perspective on some of the most crucial and complex components of two receptors (NOD1 and NOD2): starting from the structural and chemical characteristics of bacterial-derived small molecules, to the specific proposed models of molecular recognition of these molecules by immune receptors, to the subsequent post-translational modifications that ultimately dictate downstream immune signaling.

Determination of the binding affinities of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W capsule polymerase with two nucleotide sugar substrates.

Objective: Meningococcal meningitis is a public health burden. Immunization strategies have reduced global incidence of the disease. Glycoconjugate vaccines are the most effective type of vaccine to combat most causes of meningococcal meningitis.