Personalized sleep and nutritional strategies to combat adverse effects of night shift work: a controlled intervention protocol.

Background: Working during the night interferes with the timing of normal daily activities and is associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases. Under controlled experimental conditions, interventions focusing on sleep and nutrition can mitigate the short-term adverse effects of shift work. However, it is unclear how these results translate to real-life, how they can be targeted to individual conditions, and how they relate to long-term health.

Diminished pain sensitivity mediates the relationship between psychopathic traits and reduced learning from pain.

Individuals with elevated psychopathic traits exhibit decision-making deficits linked to a failure to learn from negative outcomes. We investigated how reduced pain sensitivity affects reinforcement-based decision-making in individuals with varying levels of psychopathic traits, as measured by the Self-Report Psychopathy Scale-Short Form. Using computational modelling, we estimated the latent cognitive processes in a community non-offender sample (n = 111) that completed a task with choices leading to painful and non-painful outcomes.

Unpacking the relationship between Big Five personality traits and experimental pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Pain is essential for survival, but individual responses to painful stimuli vary, representing a complex interplay between sensory, cognitive, and affective factors. Individual differences in personality traits and in pain perception covary but it is unclear which traits play the most significant role in understanding the pain experience and whether this depends on pain modality. A systematic search identified 1534 records (CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, PubMed and Web of Science), of which 22 were retained and included in a systematic review.

The Advanced BRain Imaging on ageing and Memory (ABRIM) data collection: Study design, data processing, and rationale.

To understand the neurocognitive mechanisms that underlie heterogeneity in cognitive ageing, recent scientific efforts have led to a growing public availability of imaging cohort data. The Advanced BRain Imaging on ageing and Memory (ABRIM) project aims to add to these existing datasets by taking an adult lifespan approach to provide a cross-sectional, normative database with a particular focus on connectivity, myelinization and iron content of the brain in concurrence with cognitive functioning, mechanisms of reserve, and sleep-wake rhythms. ABRIM freely shares MRI and behavioural data from 295 participants between 18-80 years, stratified by age decade and sex (median age 52, IQR 36-66, 53.

A multidomain lifestyle intervention to maintain optimal cognitive functioning in Dutch older adults-study design and baseline characteristics of the FINGER-NL randomized controlled trial.

Background: Evidence on the effectiveness of multidomain lifestyle interventions to prevent cognitive decline in older people without dementia is mixed. Embedded in the World-Wide FINGERS initiative, FINGER-NL aims to investigate the effectiveness of a 2-year multidomain lifestyle intervention on cognitive functioning in older Dutch at risk individuals.

Methods: Multi-center, randomized, controlled, multidomain lifestyle intervention trial with a duration of 24 months.

The presence of attentional and interpretation biases in patients with severe MS-related fatigue.

Objective: Severe fatigue is a prevalent and disabling symptom in multiple sclerosis (MS). This study tested if a fatigue- and physical activity-related attentional bias (AB) and a somatic interpretation bias (IB) are present in severely fatigued patients with MS. Biases were compared to healthy controls and patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS).

Impact of fibre supplementation on microbiome and resilience in healthy participants: A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Background And Aims: The gut microbiome exerts important roles in health, e.g., functions in metabolism and immunology.

Disentangling pain and fatigue in chronic fatigue syndrome: a resting state connectivity study before and after cognitive behavioral therapy.

Background: Fatigue is a central feature of myalgic encephalomyelitis or chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), but many ME/CFS patients also report comorbid pain symptoms. It remains unclear whether these symptoms are related to similar or dissociable brain networks. This study used resting-state fMRI to disentangle networks associated with fatigue and pain symptoms in ME/CFS patients, and to link changes in those networks to clinical improvements following cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).

Classification Of MeMory InTerventions: Rationale and developmental process of the COMMIT tool.

Over the last decades, numerous memory interventions have been developed to mitigate memory decline in normal ageing. However, there is a large variability in the success of memory interventions, and it remains poorly understood which memory intervention programs are most effective and for whom. This is partially explained by the heterogeneity of memory intervention protocols across studies as well as often poor reporting of the study design.

[Pain and neurocognitive disorders: current state of the art and remaining challenges].

The detection and treatment of pain is hampered by cognitive disorders. In this review we discuss the epidemiology of pain in cognitive disorders, and elaborate further on the current state of the art on pain in these populations. We will specifically highlight current gaps and recommendations for the future for the following knowledge domains: 1) Biology and neuropathology,  2) Assessment and evaluation, 3) Treatment and management , and 4) Contextual factors such as the organization and education.

"Cinderella was attacked by the big bad wolf, but the police saved her": intrusions and confabulations on story recall in Korsakoff's syndrome and alcohol-related cognitive impairments.

Background: The relation between confabulations and intrusions in patients with Korsakoff's syndrome (KS) and patients with alcohol-related cognitive impairments (ARCI) remains under debate. This study examines (1) differences in the production of confabulations and intrusions between patients with KS and ARCI, (2) whether an altered fairy tale induces more intrusions, and (3) whether different types of intrusions were significantly related to confabulations.

Methods: Twenty-three patients with KS and twenty-two patients with ARCI recalled three different types of stories: a novel story, a fairy tale, and a modified fairy tale.

Regression-Based Normative Data for the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Its Memory Index Score (MoCA-MIS) for Individuals Aged 18-91.

(1) Background: There is a need for a brief assessment of cognitive function, both in patient care and scientific research, for which the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a psychometrically reliable and valid tool. However, fine-grained normative data allowing for adjustment for age, education, and/or sex are lacking, especially for its Memory Index Score (MIS). (2) Methods: A total of 820 healthy individuals aged 18-91 (366 men) completed the Dutch MoCA (version 7.

Correction: Protocol of the Healthy Brain Study: An accessible resource for understanding the human brain and how it dynamically and individually operates in its bio-social context.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Own Pain Distress Mediates the Link Between the Lifestyle Facet of Psychopathy and Estimates of Pain Distress in Others.

Psychopathy is a multifaceted personality construct entailing interpersonal-affective disturbances, antisocial traits, and a tendency to lead an erratic lifestyle. Elevated levels of psychopathic traits have been linked to having an altered experience of pain, reduced responsivity to distress in others, and making poor moral choices that bring harm to others. In the context of moral decision-making, it is possible that the capacity to estimate the distress felt by others is linked to a limitation in the first-hand experience of distress, as the presence of psychopathic traits increases.

Towards a Better Understanding on How Cognitive Impairment Affects Pain.

When judging whether someone is suffering from pain, the simplest and most reliable solution is to ask that person about it [...

Protocol of the Healthy Brain Study: An accessible resource for understanding the human brain and how it dynamically and individually operates in its bio-social context.

The endeavor to understand the human brain has seen more progress in the last few decades than in the previous two millennia. Still, our understanding of how the human brain relates to behavior in the real world and how this link is modulated by biological, social, and environmental factors is limited. To address this, we designed the Healthy Brain Study (HBS), an interdisciplinary, longitudinal, cohort study based on multidimensional, dynamic assessments in both the laboratory and the real world.

Determining the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy in improving quality of life in patients undergoing endometriosis surgery: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Endometriosis can cause chronic pain and subfertility thereby negatively affecting quality of life (QoL). Surgical removal of endometriosis lesions leads to improved health-related QoL, although not to the level of QoL of healthy controls. Pain intensity and cognitions regarding pain can play a crucial role in this health-related QoL following surgical treatment.

The interaction between pain and cognition: on the roles of task complexity and pain intensity.

Objectives: The interaction between pain and cognition includes a concurrent negative effect of pain on cognitive performance and an analgesic effect of cognitive distraction on pain experience. The purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate the role of pain intensity and task complexity on this interaction.

Methods: Two experiments were conducted in healthy volunteers.

Association between Self-Reported Pain, Cognition, and Neuropathology in Older Adults Admitted to an Outpatient Memory Clinic-A Cross-Sectional Study.

Cognitive impairment has been linked to self-reporting of pain. However, it is unclear whether the various cognitive functions are similarly and/or independently associated with such pain report measures. In the present study, we explored how executive functioning (EF), memory, and global cognition relate to self-reported pain and investigated whether underlying neuropathology partially accounts for these results.

Positive Effects of Education on Cognitive Functioning Depend on Clinical Status and Neuropathological Severity.

Variability in cognitive functions in healthy and pathological aging is often explained by educational attainment. However, it remains unclear to which extent different disease states alter protective effects of education. We aimed to investigate whether protective effects of education on cognition depend on (1) clinical diagnosis severity, and (2) the neuropathological burden within a diagnosis in a memory clinic setting.

The Effect of a Lifestyle Intervention on Type 2 Diabetes Pathophysiology and Remission: The Stevenshof Pilot Study.

Although lifestyle interventions can lead to diabetes remission, it is unclear to what extent type 2 diabetes (T2D) remission alters or improves the underlying pathophysiology of the disease. Here, we assess the effects of a lifestyle intervention on T2D reversal or remission and the effects on the underlying pathology. In a Dutch primary care setting, 15 adults with an average T2D duration of 13.

Patients' perspective on cognitive behavioural therapy after surgical treatment of endometriosis: a qualitative study.

Research Question: Would adding cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) to the treatment of endometriosis improve the quality of life of patients suffering from endometriosis-associated pain? The aim of this study was to identify if patients believed CBT should be added to endometriosis treatment and which form of CBT they would prefer: face-to-face individual or group, or web-based individual, sessions.

Design: Between November 2019 and January 2020, semi-structured focus groups were conducted using an interview guide to ensure all topics were discussed. Data collection was continued until saturation was obtained.

Cognitive reserve relates to executive functioning in the old-old.

Cognitive reserve (CR) is known to reduce or even protect against the negative effects of aging on cognitive functioning. Nonetheless, little is known about how CR influences the relationship between different cognitive abilities and age in the old-old. The goal of the present study was, therefore, to test the hypothesis whether, in the old-old, CR still modifies the relationship between age and cognitive functioning.

The Circadian Clock, Shift Work, and Tissue-Specific Insulin Resistance.

Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) have become a global health concern. The prevalence of obesity and T2D is significantly higher in shift workers compared to people working regular hours. An accepted hypothesis is that the increased risk for metabolic health problems arises from aberrantly timed eating behavior, that is, eating out of synchrony with the biological clock.