Phenotypic characterization of inflammatory cells in phlyctenular eye disease.

Phlyctenular conjunctival biopsy specimens obtained from seven patients presenting with ulcerated limbal phlyctens were examined with routine histology and immunohistochemistry using a panel of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies and immunoperoxidase techniques. Large numbers of mononuclear phagocytes, dendritic Langerhans cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes and moderate numbers of T-lymphocytes were observed in the epithelium. This infiltrate was most intense at the basal epithelial layers which expressed HLA-DR antigens.

Plasmacytoid T cells. Immunohistochemical evidence for their monocyte/macrophage origin.

To elucidate the lineage of plasmacytoid T cells, their immunophenotype was studied in reactive lymph nodes with a broad panel of monoclonal antibodies. Plasmacytoid T cells expressed several myelomonocytic markers, and almost all markers highly selective for macrophages. They lacked granulocyte-associated and B or T lymphocyte-associated antigens.

Plasmacytoid T cells: a cell population normally present in the reactive lymph node. An immunohistochemical and electronmicroscopic study.

Plasmacytoid T cells (PTCs) are medium-sized cells characterized by abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum. They occur in the thymic-dependent area in human lymph nodes. PTCs are hardly identified in routinely stained sections.

Plasmacytoid T cells in a case of lymphocytic infiltration of skin. A component of the skin-associated lymphoid tissue?

A case of cutaneous lymphocytic infiltration with large numbers of plasmacytoid T cells (PTC) is reported. Lectin staining and immunohistological analysis revealed that PTC and cutaneous dendritic cells showed a similar expression of concanavalin A, LN2, and MT1. Moreover, differences in TAL 1B5 and S-100 expression were noted.

Use of commercially available monoclonal antibodies for immunoenzyme double staining.

An immunoenzyme double-staining method for the simultaneous detection of two cellular epitopes, using commercially available mouse monoclonal antibodies, is described. The method employs a combination of the suppression of endogenous biotin and two successive indirect techniques with a blocking step in between. The first indirect method involves an unlabelled monoclonal antibody followed by an alkaline phosphatase-conjugated goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin.

Nodular T-cell lymphoma. Report of a case studied with morphologic, immunohistochemical, and DNA hybridization techniques.

An unusual malignant lymphoma with a partly nodular growth pattern was studied by morphologic, immunohistochemical, and DNA hybridization techniques. The nodular aggregates were composed of small and large, atypical lymphoid cells, and many histiocytic elements. On electron microscopy, both follicular dendritic reticulum cells and interdigitating reticulum cells were observed.

Lack of hepatic transferrin receptor expression in hemochromatosis.

The major part of hepatocellular iron is derived from uptake of transferrin-bound iron by means of nonspecific fluid-phase endocytosis and specific, saturable binding on high-affinity transferrin receptors. We investigated the expression of transferrin receptors on hepatocytes in liver biopsies of 22 cases of hemochromatosis (21 primary hemochromatosis and 1 secondary hemochromatosis), using immunohistochemical demonstration of the human transferrin receptor with the specific monoclonal antibody OKT9. Fifty liver biopsies (normal and pathological) without demonstrable iron storage (Perls' stain negative) served as controls.

Lymph node architecture in Hodgkin's disease: evidence for the role of the composite nodule in nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease.

The presence or absence of composite nodules, corresponding to recently described structural and functional units in the human reactive lymph node, was investigated in 22 lymph nodes involved by Hodgkin's disease using in situ immuno- and enzymehistochemical techniques. In 10/13 cases of nodular sclerosing subtype, typical composite nodules composed of adjacent B- and T-domains and surrounded by a rim of high endothelial venules were recognized. In association with these venules, a concentrical rim of fusiform shaped Alk Phase+ fibroblastic reticulum cells was observed.

Expression of leukocyte common antigen in lymphoblastic lymphoma and small noncleaved undifferentiated non-Burkitt's lymphoma: an immunohistochemical study.

Nine cases of lymphoblastic lymphoma and eight cases of small, noncleaved undifferentiated non-Burkitt's lymphoma were studied. All cases were stained with monoclonal antibodies, directed to the leukocyte common antigen (LCA), B- and T-cell markers as well as Calla. Small noncleaved, undifferentiated non-Burkitt's lymphomas were LCA positive and expressed one or more B-cell markers.

In situ characterisation of the (peri)portal inflammatory infiltrate in acute hepatitis A.

The portal and acinar zone 1 (periportal) inflammatory infiltrate in acute hepatitis A (HA) strongly resembles piecemeal necrosis (PMN) in chronic hepatitis B (HB). The latter infiltrate has been characterized in detail previously, and a predominance of suppressor/cytotoxic T cells has been demonstrated. For comparison we analyzed the infiltrate in acute HA in three liver biopsies, applying a broad panel of monospecific and monoclonal antibodies.

Mantle zone lymphoma. Immuno- and enzymehistochemical studies on the cell of origin.

Using in-situ immuno- and enzymehistochemical techniques, the phenotype of the neoplastic cells in seven cases of mantle zone lymphoma (MZL) was compared to that in seven cases of nodular poorly-differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma (NPDLL). The neoplastic nodules in MZL consisted of medium-sized lymphoid cells with slightly irregular nuclei and finely dispersed chromatin, expressing monoclonal surface IgM or IgM plus IgD, and displaying membranous alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. These cells proliferated around follicular centers that demonstrated a polyclonal pattern of reactivity for both types of light chains and a distorted meshwork of dendritic reticulum cells.

The marginal zone in the human reactive lymph node.

The presence and localization of the marginal zone (MZ) in the human lymph node is controversial. The authors analyzed the distribution of sIgM+sIgD- MZ lymphocytes (MZL) expressing alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in a series of reactive lymph nodes and spleens with the use of immuno- and enzymehistochemistry, and a combination of both technics. MZL were found scattered in lymphocytic coronas composed of densely packed, small, round lymphocytes.

In situ distribution of major histocompatibility complex products and viral antigens in chronic hepatitis B virus infection: evidence that HBc-containing hepatocytes may express HLA-DR antigens.

Using a double-staining immunohistochemical procedure, the topographical relationship between viral antigens on the one hand and the expression of major histocompatibility complex products by hepatocytes on the other hand was analyzed in a series of 19 liver biopsies from patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. In areas of piecemeal necrosis, periportal hepatocytes demonstrated Class I major histocompatibility complex products or HLA-A, B and C antigens, but did not show a preferential expression of either HBcAg or HBsAg. The cellular infiltrate of piecemeal necrosis consisted of helper/inducer and suppressor/cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and was admixed in four cases with branching dendritic processes of sinusoidal lining cells which strongly expressed Class II major histocompatibility complex products or HLA-DR antigens.

Sarcoma arising from interdigitating reticulum cells: report of a case, studied with light and electron microscopy, and enzyme- and immunohistochemistry.

The morphological, enzyme- and immunohistochemical features of a sarcoma arising from interdigitating reticulum cells (IDRC) are presented. These cells are normal constituents of the T-dependent region of lymphoid organs, and their function is largely unresolved. The immunohistochemical findings in the present case indicate that neoplastic IDRC are morphologically and phenotypically similar to normal IDRC in lymphoid organs.

Expression of HLA-DR and T6 antigens on keratinocytes and dendritic cells. A comparative immunohistochemical study.

The number, morphology, and distribution of cells with dendritic processes in the epidermis and dermis, as well as the expression of HLA-DR and T6 antigen on keratinocytes in 66 skin biopsy specimens have been studied. In the epidermis, OKT6+ cells with slender dendritic processes predominated in the upper layers and outnumbered OKIa1+ cells with dendritic processes, which were only fragmentarily stained and present throughout all layers. In the dermis, OKIa1+ cells with dendritic processes outnumbered OKT6+ cells with dendritic processes.

Expression of MHC products by normal and abnormal bile duct epithelium.

Using antibodies directed to beta 2-microglobulin (b2-m) and HLADR antigens, the expression of MHC products by normal and abnormal bile ducts in 90 paraffin-embedded biopsies showing various liver diseases, was studied. Normal and abnormal bile ducts constantly expressed b2-m. Increased b2-m expression was found in 17/19 PBC, and 4/7 chronic aggressive hepatitis or cirrhosis of viral etiology with hepatitic bile duct lesions.

The cellular composition of granulomas in mesenteric lymph nodes from patients with Crohn's disease.

The immunohistochemical findings in granulomatous lymphadenitis in patients with Crohn's disease are presented and compared with conventional light microscopic findings. The cellular composition of the granulomas in mesenteric lymph nodes was examined with a broad panel of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies directed to B-cells, T-cells, monocytes/macrophages, dendritic reticulum cells, HLA-DR antigens and the transferrin receptor. The centre of the granulomas contains OKIa+, OKM1+, OKT9+, DRC-, To5- epithelioid cells and giant cells and OKT3+ lymphocytes.

The composite nodule. A structural and functional unit of the reactive human lymph node.

The relationship between T nodules and adjacent B-lymphoid follicles was investigated in 37 reactive lymph nodes by light microscopy and combined enzyme immunohistochemistry. In 16 cases (43%), T nodules and adjacent B-lymphoid follicles were unified in an ovoid, distinct nodular structure termed a "composite nodule." The composite nodule comprises two separate domains.

Ultrastructural immunocytochemical demonstration of HLA class I antigens in human pathological liver tissue.

Major histocompatibility complex products Class I (HLA Class I) antigens are not expressed on the surface of normal human hepatocytes but become so in pathological conditions. The purpose of this study was to specify the ultrastructural topography of HLA Class I antigens expression. Nine human liver specimens, known from light microscopic investigation to display membranous positivity for HLA Class I antigens, were processed for immunoelectronmicroscopy using monoclonal anti-HLA Class I in an indirect immunoperoxidase procedure.

Cellular composition of suppurative granulomas: an immunohistochemical study of suppurative granulomatous lymphadenitis.

The immunohistochemical findings from an investigation of suppurative granulomatous lymphadenitis (SGL) are presented. With a broad panel of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies directed against B cells, T cells, monocytes/macrophages, HLA-DR antigens, and the transferrin receptor, early, nonsuppurative granulomas were found to consist of OKM1+ OKIa1+ OKT9+ epithelioid histiocytes and multinucleated giant cells, admixed with variable numbers of OKT4+ Leu-3a+ helper/inducer T cells. These nonsuppurative lesions were surrounded by distinctive cuffs of BA1+ B1+ sIgM+ sIgD+ OKIa1+ lymphocytes.

A recommended procedure for ultrastructural immunohistochemistry on small human tissue samples.

Various fixation and staining procedures for the demonstration of surface and cytoplasmic antigens have been described. An immunostaining procedure was sought that would allow the demonstration of these antigens, especially in small human tissue samples at the ultrastructural level. A modification and adaptation of the technique of Eldred, Zucker, Karten, and Yazula (J Histochem Cytochem 31:285, 1983) was applied on several varieties of human tissue, including liver, skin, and lymphoid tissue, using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies in an indirect peroxidase procedure.