A co-registration method to validate optical coherence tomography in the breast surgical cavity.

Breast-conserving surgery accompanied by adjuvant radiotherapy is the standard of care for patients with early-stage breast cancer. However, re-excision is reported in 20-30 % of cases, largely because of close or involved tumor margins in the specimen. Several intraoperative tumor margin assessment techniques have been proposed to overcome this issue, however, none have been widely adopted.

A Narrative Review on the Neurocognitive Profiles in Eating Disorders and Higher Weight Individuals: Insights for Targeted Interventions.

: Recent research has increasingly explored the cognitive processes underlying eating disorders (EDs), including anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating disorder (BED), other specified feeding or eating disorders (OSFEDs), and individuals with higher weight (HW). This critical narrative review focuses on neurocognitive findings derived from mainly experimental tasks to provide a detailed understanding of cognitive functioning across these groups. Where experimental data are lacking, we draw on self-report measures and neuroimaging findings to offer supplementary insights.

Magnetic resonance imaging-guided single-fraction preoperative radiotherapy for early-stage breast cancer (the RICE trial): feasibility study.

Background: Over the past decade, the adoption of screening programs, digital mammography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has increased early-stage breast cancer diagnosis rates. Mortality rates have decreased due to early detection and improved treatments, including personalized therapies. Accelerated partial-breast irradiation (APBI) is emerging as a convenient and effective treatment for some patients, with studies exploring its preoperative use.

Panniculectomy for a Rare End-Stage Complication of Severe Obesity and Increasing Surgical Phenomenon.

Panniculus morbidus (PM) is a presentation of severe chronic abdominal lymphoedema associated with obesity resulting in oedema and chronic fibrosis. It is a multifaceted condition with significant clinical and psychosocial implications. A 29-year-old female weighing 260 kg with a body mass index of 95 kg/m had recurrent infections and sepsis associated with an abdominal pannus extending to her knees and an area of ulceration.

Stabilised Hyaluronic Acid (sHA) gel as a novel marker for breast cancer tumour bed cavity: Surgical feasibility.

Introduction: Consistent delineation of the breast conserving surgery (BCS) tumour bed (TB) for breast cancer remains a challenge for radiation oncologists. Accurate delineation allows for better local control and reduces toxicity when planning partial breast or TB boost radiation therapy (RT).

Methods: In the operating theatre (OT) breast surgeons inserted stabilised hyaluronic acid (sHA) gel as small drops approximately one cm into the walls surrounding the resection cavity.

Malaysian joint societies' consensus recommendations on diagnosis and management of disorders of esophagogastric junction outflow.

Disorders of esophagogastric junction (EGJ) outflow, including achalasia and EGJ outflow obstruction, are motility disorders characterized by inadequate relaxation of lower esophageal sphincter with or without impaired esophageal peristalsis. Current guidelines are technical and less practical in the Asia-Pacific region, and there are still massive challenges in timely diagnosis and managing these disorders effectively. Therefore, a Malaysian joint societies' task force has developed a consensus on disorders of EGJ outflow based on the latest evidence, while taking into consideration the practical relevance of local and regional context and resources.

Problematic smartphone usage, objective smartphone engagement, and executive functions: A latent variable analysis.

The negative consequences of smartphone usage have seen frequent discourse in popular media. While existing studies seek to resolve these debates in relation to executive functions, findings are still limited and mixed. This is partly due to the lack of conceptual clarity about smartphone usage, the use of self-reported measures, and problems related to task impurity.

PBRM1-deficient PBAF complexes target aberrant genomic loci to activate the NF-κB pathway in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

PBRM1 encodes an accessory subunit of the PBAF SWI/SNF chromatin remodeller, and the inactivation of PBRM1 is a frequent event in kidney cancer. However, the impact of PBRM1 loss on chromatin remodelling is not well examined. Here we show that, in VHL-deficient renal tumours, PBRM1 deficiency results in ectopic PBAF complexes that localize to de novo genomic loci, activating the pro-tumourigenic NF-κB pathway.

Iodine-125 seed versus hook-wire guided breast conserving surgery: do post operative complication rates differ?

Background: Radio-guided occult lesion localisation using iodine 125 seeds (ROLLIS) is used to localize impalpable breast cancers for breast conserving surgery (BCS). Previous studies have suggested improved efficiency and patient outcomes with ROLLIS compared with hook-wire localisation (HWL). The aim of this report is to compare the post-operative complication rates and safety profiles of ROLLIS versus hook-wire guided surgery.

Pathologic Complete Response and Oncologic Outcomes in Locally Advanced Breast Cancers Treated With Neoadjuvant Radiation Therapy: An Australian Perspective.

Purpose: To assess the degree of pathologic complete response (pCR), postoperative surgical complication rates, and oncological outcomes in women with locally advanced breast cancer or high-risk breast cancers treated with neoadjuvant radiation therapy (NART).

Methods And Materials: This retrospective, multi-institutional review involved 138 clinically staged patients with 140 breast cancers treated with NART between January 2014 and February 2021. Treatments involved sequential neoadjuvant chemotherapy and NART, followed by mastectomy with or without axillary surgery and immediate autologous breast reconstruction.

Regulatory enhancer profiling of mesenchymal-type gastric cancer reveals subtype-specific epigenomic landscapes and targetable vulnerabilities.

Objective: Gastric cancer (GC) comprises multiple molecular subtypes. Recent studies have highlighted mesenchymal-subtype GC (Mes-GC) as a clinically aggressive subtype with few treatment options. Combining multiple studies, we derived and applied a consensus Mes-GC classifier to define the Mes-GC enhancer landscape revealing disease vulnerabilities.

Management of appendicitis in a De Garengeot hernia: Lockwood approach.

A De Garengeot hernia is a femoral hernia containing the vermiform appendix. This extremely rare hernia is associated with appendicitis and the risk of perforation and abscess formation. Given limited data, it poses both diagnostic and management difficulties.

Chromatin Rewiring by Mismatch Repair Protein MSH2 Alters Cell Adhesion Pathways and Sensitivity to BET Inhibition in Gastric Cancer.

Unlabelled: Mutations in the DNA mismatch repair gene MSH2 are causative of microsatellite instability (MSI) in multiple cancers. Here, we discovered that besides its well-established role in DNA repair, MSH2 exerts a novel epigenomic function in gastric cancer. Unbiased CRISPR-based mass spectrometry combined with genome-wide CRISPR functional screening revealed that in early-stage gastric cancer MSH2 genomic binding is not randomly distributed but rather is associated specifically with tumor-associated super-enhancers controlling the expression of cell adhesion genes.

Successful En Bloc Resection of Complicated Giant Stomach Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor in an Elderly Patient.

BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and mostly affect the stomach. The size of the tumors vary, ranging from 0.6 cm to 25.

Integrative epigenomic and high-throughput functional enhancer profiling reveals determinants of enhancer heterogeneity in gastric cancer.

Background: Enhancers are distal cis-regulatory elements required for cell-specific gene expression and cell fate determination. In cancer, enhancer variation has been proposed as a major cause of inter-patient heterogeneity-however, most predicted enhancer regions remain to be functionally tested.

Methods: We analyzed 132 epigenomic histone modification profiles of 18 primary gastric cancer (GC) samples, 18 normal gastric tissues, and 28 GC cell lines using Nano-ChIP-seq technology.

Case Report: Diagnostic Pitfalls in an Atypical Case of Primary Neuritic Leprosy.

Primary neuritic leprosy is a form of leprosy clinically limited to the peripheral nerves without obvious skin lesions. Diagnosing leprosy in the absence of typical dermatological features is challenging and often causes a delay in diagnosis. We describe a case of primary neuritic leprosy with atypical features and the roles that histological confirmation using nerve biopsy of an unenlarged nerve and newer techniques, such as polymerase chain reaction and high-resolution ultrasonography, play in improving the diagnosis.

Moment-to-Moment Continuous Attention Fluctuation Monitoring through Consumer-Grade EEG Device.

While numerous studies have explored using various sensing techniques to measure attention states, moment-to-moment attention fluctuation measurement is unavailable. To bridge this gap, we applied a novel paradigm in psychology, the gradual-onset continuous performance task (gradCPT), to collect the ground truth of attention states. GradCPT allows for the precise labeling of attention fluctuation on an 800 ms time scale.

Perceptions and Acceptability of Digital Interventions Among Tuberculosis Patients in Cambodia: Qualitative Study of Video-Based Directly Observed Therapy.

Background: Despite the development of effective drugs for treatment, tuberculosis remains one of the leading causes of death from an infectious disease worldwide. One of the greatest challenges to tuberculosis control is patient adherence to treatment. Recent research has shown that video-based directly observed therapy is a feasible and effective approach to supporting treatment adherence in high-income settings.

Genomic and epigenomic EBF1 alterations modulate TERT expression in gastric cancer.

Transcriptional reactivation of telomerase catalytic subunit (TERT) is a frequent hallmark of cancer, occurring in 90% of human malignancies. However, specific mechanisms driving TERT reactivation remain obscure for many tumor types and in particular gastric cancer (GC), a leading cause of global cancer mortality. Here, through comprehensive genomic and epigenomic analysis of primary GCs and GC cell lines, we identified the transcription factor early B cell factor 1 (EBF1) as a TERT transcriptional repressor and inactivation of EBF1 function as a major cause of TERT upregulation.

Preliminary Effects of a Mobile Interactive Supervised Therapy Intervention on People Living With HIV: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: As people living with HIV infection require lifelong treatment, nonadherence to medication will reduce their chance of maintaining viral suppression and increase the risk of developing drug resistance and HIV transmission.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a mobile app, Mobile Interactive Supervised Therapy (MIST), for improving adherence to oral HIV medications among HIV-infected adults in Singapore.

Methods: We conducted a two-group pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) with a process evaluation, in which 40 HIV-infected participants with once-daily medication regimes were recruited from a public tertiary hospital in Singapore and randomly assigned equally to either the intervention (receiving MIST and routine care) or control (receiving routine care only) groups.

DNA epigenetic signature predictive of benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy in oesophageal adenocarcinoma: results from the MRC OE02 trial.

Background: DNA methylation signatures describing distinct histological subtypes of oesophageal cancer have been reported. We studied DNA methylation in samples from the MRC OE02 phase III trial, which randomised patients with resectable oesophageal cancer to surgery alone (S) or neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery (CS).

Aim: The aim of the study was to identify epigenetic signatures predictive of chemotherapy benefit in patients with oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC) from the OE02 trial and validate the findings in an independent cohort.