Glandular fever and pulmonary artery thrombosis in a paraplegic patient, who had undergone splenectomy for splenic trauma sustained along with spinal cord injury: misdiagnosed initially as urine infection and later as lymphoma when CT scan revealed enlarged lymph nodes: a case report.

Background: A 36-year-old male sustained fracture of first lumbar vertebra, splenic tear and paraplegia in a motorcycle accident in 2001; splenectomy was performed.

Case Presentation: In 2008, he presented with temperature and feeling rough. With a diagnosis of urine infection, he was prescribed ciprofloxacin, followed by trimethoprim, amoxicillin, and gentamicin, as temperature did not subside.

2-Bromo-1,2-diphenylethenyl 4-methyl-phenyl sulfoxide.

In the title compound, C(21)H(17)BrO(2)S, the two phenyl rings attached to the ethene group are oriented at dihedral angles of 76.19 (10) and 57.99 (8)° with respect to the Br-C=C-S plane [r.

(E)-3-[2-(4-Chloro-phenyl-sulfon-yl)vin-yl]-6-methyl-4H-chromen-4-one.

In the title compound, C(18)H(13)ClO(4)S, the mean planes of the chloro-phenyl ring and the S-C=C-C chain are oriented at angles of 52.7 (2) and 51.3 (2)°, respectively, with respect to the sulfonyl (O=S=O) plane.

4-(4-Chloro-phen-yl)-5-phenyl-isoxazole.

The title compound, C(15)H(10)ClNO, is a functionalized isoxazole with a chloro-phenyl and a phenyl substitutent. The mean plane of the isoxazole ring is inclined to those of the two benzene ring mean planes by 38.32 (16) and 43.

JNK2 and JNK3 combined are essential for apoptosis in dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra, but are not required for axon degeneration.

Activation of c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) by the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade has been shown to play an important role in the death of dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra, one of the principal neuronal populations affected in Parkinson's disease. However, it has remained unknown whether the JNK2 and JNK3 isoforms, either singly or in combination, are essential for apoptotic death, and, if so, the mechanisms involved. In addition, it has been unclear whether they play a role in axonal degeneration of these neurons in disease models.

Long catheter sign: a reliable bedside sign of incorrect positioning of foley catheter in male spinal cord injury patients.

Introduction: Indwelling urethral catheter is often used in male spinal cord injury patients to provide drainage to neuropathic bladder. If the balloon of a Foley catheter is inflated in urethra or, when a properly inserted Foley catheter is later pulled and thereby, the Foley balloon comes to lie in urethra, an excessive length of catheter will remain outside the penis. This sign is termed "long catheter sign".

Recurrent autonomic dysreflexia due to chronic aortic dissection in an adult male with cervical spinal cord injury.

Autonomic dysreflexia is a hypertensive clinical emergency for persons with spinal cord injury at T-6 level or above. Recurrent autonomic dysreflexia is uncommon in spinal cord injury patients and is usually caused by noxious stimuli that cannot be removed promptly, e.g.

Spontaneous rupture of an infected renal cyst and external drainage through a lumbar surgical scar in a male patient with cervical spinal cord injury: a case report.

Introduction: The spontaneous rupture of an infected renal cyst is a rare event. Spontaneous rupture with drainage to the exterior through a surgical scar has not been reported previously.

Case Presentation: A 49-year-old male with tetraplegia had undergone extended right pyelolithotomy in 1999.

Histochemical methods for the detection of apoptosis in the nervous system.

Neuroscientists often need to detect neuron death at the light microscope level in tissue sections derived from animal models of neurological disease. In many instances there is a need to detect apoptosis, the most common morphology of programmed cell death. This unit provides two protocols for the detection of apoptosis by immunostaining for either activated forms of caspases or their cleavage products.

Microscopic investigation of the memory effect found in micropatterned nematic liquid crystal cells.

Isotropic untreated indium-tin-oxide layers can cause memory alignment of nematic liquid crystals. We have demonstrated an experimental method to characterize this effect by using a micropatterned surface. We tried to imprint a high tilt on an indium-tin-oxide substrate surface.

Prevalence and causes of visual impairment in rural myanmar: the Meiktila Eye Study.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and causes of visual impairment in the Meiktila district of central, rural Myanmar.

Design: Population-based cross-sectional study.

Participants: Random, stratified, cluster sampling of the inhabitants 40 years of age and older from villages in the Meiktila district was performed; 2481 eligible participants were identified and 2076 participated in the study.

Amiodarone-associated bone marrow granulomas: a report of 2 cases and review of the literature.

Amiodarone therapy is associated with several adverse effects, including hematologic ones such as pancytopenia, hemolytic anemia, and aplastic anemia. Very few cases of amiodarone-associated bone marrow granulomas have been reported. We report 2 cases of amiodarone-associated bone marrow granulomas.

Therapeutic monitoring of clozapine in Australia: the need for consensus.

In the absence of well-defined guidelines for the monitoring of plasma concentrations of clozapine, this study examined the practices of seven laboratories from four states in Australia. Laboratories analyzed 5 freeze-dried serum samples containing a mixture of clozapine and norclozapine in varying concentrations and the measurement data were analyzed for accuracy and precision. Additional information on laboratory practices was obtained through questionnaire responses.

Illustrated keys to the anopheline mosquitoes of Myanmar.

In the newly revised and illustrated keys to 4th instar larvae and adult female mosquitoes, the following 36 Anopheles species from Myanmar are included: Anopheles aconitus, An. aitkenii, An. annularis, An.

Lipid rafts mediate H2O2 prosurvival effects in cultured endothelial cells.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during pathological events, such as inflammation and ischemia-reperfusion, activates both proapoptotic and antiapoptotic signaling programs in endothelial cells. Because cholesterol-rich, plasma membrane rafts serve as platforms for organizing and integrating signaling transduction processes, we asked whether these membrane regions play a mechanistic role in H2O2-induced responses. Bovine aortic endothelial cell cultures exposed to a 500-microM bolus of H2O2 showed progressive activation of caspase 3 and an increase in the number of TUNEL-positive cells.

Drug insight: New antiemetics in the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.

Nausea and vomiting remain among the most feared side effects of chemotherapy for cancer patients. Significant progress has been made in the last 15 years in developing more effective and better-tolerated measures to minimize chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). During the 1990s, the selective 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonists were first introduced for the treatment of CINV, and resulted in more effective and better tolerated treatment of CINV.

Staging: relevance for trial design in vascular burden of the brain.

Cerebrovascular small vessel disease is now believed to be the major source of vascular burden of the brain. Cerebrovascular small vessel disease and Alzheimer's disease appear to represent pathophysiologic and clinical continua, rather than dichotomous entities. It appears that common etiopathologic mechanisms underlie the clinical presentation of both of these conditions.