Gender Differences in Clinical Characteristics and Lifestyle Behaviours of Overweight and Obese Adolescents.

Background: Energy intake and energy expenditure are different in boys and girls, especially during the adolescent period, a critical period for the development of obesity. However, gender-specific lifestyle behaviours that may influence the development of obesity among adolescent have not received sufficient attention.

Aim: To determine gender differences in male and female overweight/ obese adolescents concerning their clinical parameters, dietary, sedentary and physical activity lifestyle behaviours.

Hypertension Despite Dehydration in an Adolescent with Diabetic Ketoacidosis.

In general, information on blood pressure changes in diabetic ketoacidosis in paediatric population is very scarce. Our aim was to report a case of severe DKA in an adolescent girl who unexpectedly had hypertension rather than hypotension.A 17-year-old girl presented in our Children's Emergency Unit with complaints of excessive eating for 6 weeks, excessive urination for 2 weeks, fever for 1 week, vomiting for 4 days, difficulty with breathing for one day and unresponsiveness to calls for 3 hours.

Hypocalcemia Associated with Subcutaneous Fat Necrosis of the Newborn: Case Report and Literature Review.

Subcutaneous fat necrosis of the newborn (SCFNN) is a rare benign inflammatory disorder of the adipose tissue but may be complicated by hypercalcemia or less frequently, hypocalcemia, resulting in morbidity and mortality. Here we report the case of a neonate with subcutaneous fat necrosis who surprisingly developed hypocalcemia instead of hypercalcemia. A full-term female neonate was delivered by emergency cesarean section for fetal distress and was subsequently admitted to the Special Care Baby Unit.

Physical activity, body mass index and blood pressure in primary school pupils attending private schools.

Background: Lack of physical activity contributes to overweight and obesity. It is recommended that children accumulate at least one hour of moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity daily.

Objective: The level of physical activity, body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure (BP) were evaluated in pupils attending private primary schools.

Point-of-Admission Serum Electrolyte Profile of Children less than Five Years Old with Dehydration due to Acute Diarrhoea.

Background/objective: Fluid, electrolytes and acid base disturbances are responsible for most deaths due to acute diarrhoea. The aim of this study is to describe the point-of-admission serum electrolyte profile of children with dehydration due to acute diarrhoea.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the serum electrolyte levels of 185 children with dehydration due to acute diarrhoea were assessed at the point of admission at the Diarrhoea Treatment and Training Unit of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital.

Insulin-induced oedema in a patient with diabetes mellitus complicated by ketoacidosis.

In this article we reported a recent case of a 15-year-old grossly underweight (29 kg) Nigerian girl diagnosed of type 1 diabetes mellitus four years ago and who defaulted from follow up but presented with diabetic ketoacidosis. Glycaemic control was poor because of poor compliance. On the 5th day on admission, a non tender pitting oedema without skin discolouration developed over the ankles.

Iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome in children following nasal steroid.

Unlabelled: Cushing syndrome is a hormonal disorder caused by prolonged exposure of body tissue to cortisol. We report two cases of iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome in two Nigerian children following intranasal administration of aristobed-N (Betamethasone + Neomycin) given at a private hospital where the children presented with feature of adenoidal hypertrophy. Two months into treatment children were noticed to have developed clinical and laboratory features of iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome with critical adrenal suppression.

Testicular-self examination among Nigerian adolescent secondary school boys: knowledge, attitudes and practices.

Background: Testicular-self examination (TSE) is a cheap and easy-to-perform procedure for early detection of testicular cancer but data on this subject is lacking in Nigeria, particularly among male adolescents.

Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of testicular-self examination among secondary school boys.

Methods: Knowledge, attitudes and practices in relation to TSE were assessed, using anonymous structured self-administered questionnaires in a sample of 540 secondary school boys aged between 15 and 20 years.

Ketoacidosis at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents: frequency and clinical characteristics.

Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a potentially life-threatening acute complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Although the frequency of DKA as first manifestation of T1DM is higher in developing compared developed countries, there is paucity of information on its characteristics in developing countries.

Methods: This retrospective study determined the frequency of ketoacidosis at diagnosis of new-onset type 1 diabetes and described the clinical characteristics of the patients seen between 1996 and 2011 by auditing the hospital records of all cases.

Anthropometry and menarcheal status of adolescent nigerian urban senior secondary school girls.

Background: Age at menarche is a significant indicator of growth and sexual maturation in girls. During adolescence, anthropometry provides a tool for monitoring and evaluating the hormone-mediated changes in growth and reproductive maturation.

Objectives: We aimed to examine the anthropometric status of pre- and post-menarcheal Nigerian adolescent girls attending senior secondary schools.

Point-of-admission hypoglycaemia among under-five Nigerian children with plasmodium falciparum malaria: prevalence and risk factors.

Background: Hypoglycaemia is a well recognized complication of falciparum malaria in children but its diagnosis may be overlooked because all the clinical features may be mimicked by severe malaria. To determine the prevalence of hypoglycaemia at the point of hospital admission of under-fives with falciparum malaria and identify its risk factors in patients seen in a Nigerian secondary-health-care institution.

Methods: During a 12-month period and at the point of hospital admission, venous blood sample was collected into an appropriate sample bottle (fluoride-oxalate bottle) from 502 children who were below 5 years of age with positive falciparum malaria parasitaemia.

Prevalence of hypoglycemia among patients presenting with cholestasis of infancy in a nigerian teaching hospital.

Objective: This study assesses the prevalence of hypoglycemia among patients presenting at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria with cholestasis of infancy.

Methods: During a period of five years, forty patients aged between 15 days and 12 months who presented with cholestasis of infancy, were admitted and screened for hypoglycemia, using Accutrend glucometer. For patients with low blood glucose values, blood samples were further analyzed, using the standard glucose-oxidase method.

Incidence of delivery of low birthweight infants in twin gestations.

Background: Twin gestations are commonly associated with delivery of low birthweight infants. Despite the fact that Nigeria has the highest incidence of twinning in the world, there is paucity of information on the characteristics of LBW twin infants in Nigeria.

Objective: To determine the incidence and document some of the characteristics of low birth weight (LBW) twin infants.

Thyroid profile of term appropriate for gestational age neonates in Nigeria: a forerunner to screening for congenital hypothyroidism.

Thyroid hormones in normal quantity are vital for physical growth and mental development during fetal and postnatal life. The available publications in Sub-Saharan Africa on the thyroid function of newborn infants was reported in babies delivered in moderate to severe goitre zones; utilizing the hormone levels from these studies may have a measure of bias. Newborn screening for congenital hypothyroidism (CH) in Sub-Saharan Africa is still a mirage, the technicality of the best timing for collection of blood samples need to be studied.

Intrapair birthweight discordance in twins.

Background: Birthweight differences in twin pairs influence their perinatal outcome as well as growth and development. Growth-discordant twins have not been well characterized in our local environment.

Objective: To determine the frequency of birthweight discordance in live-born twin pairs and document some factors that may influence it.

Analysis of stillbirths in a Nigerian mission hospital.

Background: In Nigeria, perinatal mortality remains a major health problem with the balance heavily tilted towards the stillbirth component. Knowledge of the relative importance of the different causes of stillbirth is lacking, even in hospital settings.

Objective: To determine the stillbirth rate in a Nigerian mission hospital and document its risk factors.

Twin delivery: comparison of incidence and foetal outcome in two health institutions in Benin City, Nigeria.

Background: The incidence of twin delivery in Nigeria may have changed, in view of the worldwide increase in the rates of twinning attributed to increasing maternal age and use of fertility therapies.

Objective: To determine the current incidence of twin delivery in Benin City and document the foetal outcome in twins.

Methods: A four-year descriptive (cross-sectional) study of twin deliveries in a Nigerian mission hospital was conducted.

Salvaging twin 2 after abortion of twin 1: a case report.

We present intentional delayed delivery of twin 2 after a spontaneous membrane rupture and abortion oftwin1 in a dichorionic twin pregnancy at 14 weeks. As signs of infection were missing, we adopted a conservative (not expectant) management. The pregnancy was prolonged to 35 weeks' gestation.

Neonatal morbidity pattern in infants born in Benin City to Nigerian mothers with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy.

Background: Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy are worldwide in distribution with an incidence that names depending on hospital population and criteria cited for diagnosis

Methods: In a case-control study, the neonatal morbidities of 256 live newborn infants of hypertensive mother were compared with those of 804 infants ofnormotensive mothers.

Results: The incidence of some neonatal morbidities such as birth asphyxia, neonatal seizures, neonatal polycythaemia and hyperbilirubinaemia were significantly higher among babies born to hypertensive mothers compared with those born to their normotensive counterparts. The Caesarean delivery rate was also significantly higher in hypertensive than in normotensive mothers.

Discharge of hospitalized under-fives against medical advice in Benin City, Nigeria.

Objective: To determine the incidence of discharge against medical advice (DAMA) among under-fives in Benin City, document reasons for these discharges and suggest ways of reducing its occurrence.

Methods: The admissions and discharges registers as well as the case-notes of all children aged between one and fifty-nine months admitted over a two-year period were retrospectively examined. The data obtained included sex, age, main diagnosis, signatories to the discharge documents and reasons/circumstances for DAMA.

High birth weight babies: incidence and foetal outcome in a mission hospital in Benin City, Nigeria.

Objective: To determine the incidence of delivery of high birth weight (HBW) babies in Benin City and document their foetal outcome.

Methods: All babies with HBW (defined as birth weight 4000 g) were recruited into the study. The maternal records were examined for maternal age, parity, height, gestational weight gain and mode of delivery.

Seasonal variations in birth weights and gender of infants born in a mission hospital in Benin City, Nigeria.

Objective: To examine the relationship, if any, between the geographical season in which a baby is born and the baby's birth weight and sex.

Methods: The birth weights and sexes of 6141 babies delivered over a five- year period in a Nigerian mission hospital were prospectively recorded according to the month and year of delivery. The mean birth weights and sexes of infants born in the wet season (May to October) were compared with those of their counterparts born in the dry season (November to April).

Trends in incidence of delivery of low birth weight infants in Benin City, southern Nigeria.

Objective: To determine the incidence of low birth weight deliveries in a Nigerian mission hospital.

Methods: A descriptive analysis of the records of 332 live, low birth weight babies delivered between 1st January, 1999 to 31st December, 2001 in a Nigerian mission hospital in Benin City was carried out. A standardised questionnaire was used and the mothers of low birth weight (LBW) babies were interviewed soon after delivery.