Acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine and its related determinants in Nigeria: An online survey.

Background: Vaccine hesitancy is a major challenge in the fight against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Identifying the sociodemographic factors associated with vaccine acceptance among Nigerians is crucial for improving vaccine uptake.

Aim: To assess the acceptance rate of COVID-19 vaccine and its related determinants among Nigerians.

Molecular detection of OXA-48 and NDM-1 carbapenemase genes among clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae recovered from patients attending a private tertiary hospital in Southwestern Nigeria.

There have been increasing reports of Klebsiella pneumoniae resistant to β-lactam antibiotics. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of some selected carbapenemase genes among clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae recovered from patients attending a private tertiary hospital in Southwestern Nigeria. The study was conducted over two months (February-March 2024).

Length-of-Stay in the Emergency Department and In-Hospital Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The effect of emergency department (ED) length of stay (EDLOS) on in-hospital mortality (IHM) remains unclear. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the association between EDLOS and IHM. We searched the PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials, CINAHL, PsycInfo, and Scopus databases from their inception until 14−15 January 2022.

Impact of Teamwork and Communication Training Interventions on Safety Culture and Patient Safety in Emergency Departments: A Systematic Review.

Objectives: This study aimed to narratively summarize the literature reporting on the effect of teamwork and communication training interventions on culture and patient safety in emergency department (ED) settings.

Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Psych Info CINAHL, Cochrane, Science Citation Inc, the Web of Science, and Educational Resources Information Centre for peer-reviewed journal articles published from January 1, 1988, to June 8, 2018, that assessed teamwork and communication interventions focusing on how they influence patient safety in the ED. One additional search update was performed in July 2019.

Post-Marketing Surveillance of Quality of Artemether Injection Marketed in Southwest Nigeria.

Access to good-quality medicines remains a contentious issue in developing countries. This development is worrisome, particularly in a setting with a high incidence of malaria. Monitoring of antimalarial drugs in the commercial domain becomes necessary; thus, we evaluated the quality of artemether injection marketed in Southwest Nigeria.

Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Quinine in Healthy Subjects and in Patients with Uncomplicated Malaria in Nigeria: Analysis of Data using a Population Approach.

Background: The varied disposition of the antimalarial quinine partly explains its poor tolerance and toxicity in humans.

Objective: Using a population approach, the disposition of quinine in healthy subjects and patients with acute uncomplicated symptomatic malaria from Nigeria was re-examined with a view to providing population-specific attributes.

Methods: Concentration versus time profiles of quinine over 48 hours in healthy individuals, and over 7 days in malaria-infected patients, were stratified to reflect: concentration versus time data during the first 48 hours of quinine administration for healthy subjects and infected patients, concentration versus time data after 48 hours in infected patients, and all concentration versus time data available for healthy subjects and infected patients.

Therapeutic Potentials and Cytochrome P450-Mediated Interactions Involving Herbal Products Indicated for Diabetes Mellitus.

Background: There has been an increase in the use of herbal products to complement conventional drugs in the treatment of various diseases especially in developing countries. This may be attributable to the potential cost-effectiveness and ease of accessibility of these products as well as the perception of their safety profiles. However, there are numerous literature reports on herbs altering the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of other co-administered drugs thereby modulating the therapeutic outcomes.

Influence of a Nigerian honey on CYP3A4 biotransformation of quinine in healthy volunteers.

What Is Known And Objectives: Some studies, howbeit with conflicting reports, have suggested that consumption of honey has a potential to modulate drug metabolizing enzymes which may result in a honey-drug interaction. Numerous studies have established that honey varies in composition, influenced by the dominant floral, processing and environmental factors. Thus, variation in honey composition may be a contributing factor to the controversial results obtained.

Effect of dehusked Garcinia kola seeds on the overall pharmacokinetics of quinine in healthy Nigerian volunteers.

We investigated the effect of concurrent ingestion of Garcinia kola seed on the pharmacokinetics of quinine. In a randomized crossover study, 24 healthy Nigerian volunteers were assigned into 2 groups (A and B; n = 12 per group) on the basis of G. kola dose orally ingested.

Pharmacokinetic interactions between ritonavir and quinine in healthy volunteers following concurrent administration.

Aims: To evaluate the pharmacokinetic interactions between ritonavir and quinine in healthy volunteers.

Methods: Ten healthy volunteers were each given 600-mg single oral doses of quinine alone, ritonavir alone (200 mg every 12 h for 9 days), and quinine in combination with ritonavir, in a three-period pharmacokinetic nonrandomized sequential design study. Quinine was co-administered with the 15th dose of ritonavir.

Chemotherapeutic interaction between Khaya grandifoliola (WELW) CDC stem bark extract and two anti-malarial drugs in mice.

In malarial endemic countries especially in the tropics, conventional antimalarial drugs are used with herbal remedies either concurrently or successively. Khaya grandifoliola is one of such popular herbs used in the treatment of malaria.Various doses of ethanol extract of K.

Alteration of pharmacokinetics of proguanil in healthy volunteers following concurrent administration of efavirenz.

Efavirenz and proguanil are likely to be administered concurrently for the treatment of patients with HIV and malaria. The metabolism of proguanil is mediated principally by CYP2C19 while efavirenz is known to inhibit this enzyme. This study therefore investigated the effect of efavirenz on proguanil disposition.

Effects of concurrent administration of nevirapine on the disposition of quinine in healthy volunteers.

Objectives: Nevirapine and quinine are likely to be administered concurrently in the treatment of patients with HIV and malaria. Both drugs are metabolised to a significant extent by cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A4 and nevirapine is also an inducer of this enzyme. This study therefore evaluated the effect of nevirapine on the pharmacokinetics of quinine.

Simultaneous liquid chromatographic analysis of ritonavir, quinine and 3-hydroxyquinine in human plasma.

In regions with high prevalence of HIV and malaria, co-infection of both diseases is common; hence, there is a high possibility of concurrent administration of antiretroviral and antimalarial drugs. This study describes a new ion-pair reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for simultaneous determinations of ritonavir (RTV), quinine (QN), and its major metabolite, 3-hydroxyquinine (3-HQN), in human plasma. Following a simple extraction with diethyl-ether under alkaline conditions, chromatographic separation was achieved on a 5-mum particle size C-18 column (200 mm x 4.

Dissolution properties and characterization of halofantrine-2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin binary systems.

Halofantrine (HF) is a poorly water-soluble antimalarial drug with low bioavailability. Complex formation of HF.HCl and 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) in aqueous solution and in solid state as well as the possibility of improving the solubility and dissolution rate of the drug though complexation with the cyclodextrin were investigated.

Effects of prior administration of amodiaquine on the disposition of halofantrine in healthy volunteers.

The prevalence of multidrug-resistant malaria parasites brings about the switch from an antimalarial drug with poor therapeutic outcome to an effective alternative, resulting in overlap in the plasma drug levels. In this study, the influence of prior administration of amodiaquine on the pharmacokinetics and electrocardiographic effect of halofantrine (HF) was investigated in healthy volunteers. Ten healthy male subjects were each given single oral doses of 500 mg HF alone or with 600 mg of amodiaquine hydrochloride (AQ) administered 24 hours before the HF dose in a crossover fashion.

Effects of tetracycline on the pharmacokinetics of halofantrine in healthy volunteers.

Aims: To investigate the effect of tetracycline co-administration on the pharmacokinetics of halofantrine in healthy subjects.

Methods: Eight healthy males were each given 500 mg single oral doses of halofantrine alone, or with tetracycline (500 mg 12 hourly for 7 days), in a crossover fashion. Blood samples collected at predetermined intervals were analyzed for halofantrine and its major metabolite, desbutylhalofantrine (HFM), using a validated HPLC method.

Evidence for increased metabolism of chloroquine during the early third trimester of human pregnancy.

Objective: To examine the possibility of a different extent of chloroquine (CQ) metabolism in human pregnancy by determining blood level profiles of the drug and its major metabolite, desethylchloroquine (CQM).

Methods: Five women in the early third trimester of pregnancy and five non-pregnant women received each a single 600 mg oral dose of CQ and blood samples were collected at pre-determined intervals following drug administration. Plasma concentrations of CQ and CQM were analysed by an established HPLC method.

Pharmacokinetic aspects of chloroquine-induced pruritus: influence of dose and evidence for varied extent of metabolism of the drug.

The significance of a pharmacokinetics basis in chloroquine (CQ)-induced pruritus was investigated by determining the disposition of the drug in two groups of volunteers; pruritus positive and pruritus negative. Single oral dose of 600 mg CQ was administered to each of 36 volunteers, 18 for each of the two groups. After a washout period of 9 months, 150 mg single oral dose of the drug was given to 12 of the same volunteers, six each from the two groups.

Effects of adjunctive treatment with combined cytokines in a neutropenic mouse model of multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecalis septicemia.

Study Objective: To examine whether the antienterococcal efficacy of a regimen of gentamicin plus vancomycin combined with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is enhanced by concurrent therapy with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma).

Setting: Hospital laboratory.

Intervention: Mice rendered neutropenic by cyclophosphamide were intraperitoneally inoculated with a gentamicin- and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis isolate.

Modulation of efficacies and pharmacokinetics of antibiotics by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in neutropenic mice with multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecalis infection.

It has been demonstrated previously that, in non-neutropenic animals, interferon-gamma markedly enhances the efficacies of gentamicin and vancomycin against Enterococcus faecalis resistant to these antibiotics. The aim of our study was to determining whether granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) can be beneficial as an adjunct to gentamicin and vancomycin in the treatment of the same infection in neutropenic mice. After induction of neutropenia by cyclophosphamide, mice were inoculated ip with the organism.

Pharmacodynamic assessment of cefprozil against Streptococcus pneumoniae: implications for breakpoint determinations.

Cefprozil, an oral semisynthetic cephalosporin, is commonly utilized in the treatment of respiratory-tract infections in children. While this agent has provided acceptable clinical success over a number of years, this study was undertaken to better define its pharmacodynamic profile against Streptococcus pneumoniae. Nineteen clinical isolates of S.

Effects of absorption enhancers in chloroquine suppository formulations: I. In vitro release characteristics.

The need to develop chloroquine suppository formulations that yield optimal bioavailability of the drug has been emphasized. This study demonstrates the effects of incorporation of known absorption-enhancing agents (nonionic surfactants and sodium salicylate) on the in vitro release characteristics of chloroquine from polyethylene glycol (1000:4000, 75:25%, w/w) suppositories. The release rates were determined using a modification of the continuous flow bead-bed dissolution apparatus for suppositories.

Influence of adjunctive interferon-gamma on treatment of gentamicin- and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis infection in mice.

Increasing antibiotic resistance and the development of multidrug-resistance in the enterococci has complicated the treatment of serious enterococcal infections. It has been demonstrated in vitro that interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) significantly augments the activities of gentamicin and vancomycin against Enterococcus faecalis resistant to these antibiotics. The present study was aimed at determining whether this beneficial effect of IFN-gamma on antienterococcal antibiotic activity can be validated in vivo.