Impact of adipocytes on ultrasound evaluation of parathyroid adenomas.

Purpose: Parathyroid lipoadenomas are difficult to recognize preoperatively; hence, they may remain undetected. Difficulty in recognition is thought to be due to the adipocytes present in the tumor. This study aimed to clarify the impact of adipocytes as a component of parathyroid adenomas on ultrasound evaluation.

Management of thyroid tumors diagnosed cytologically as follicular neoplasms in a high-volume center: utility of a scoring system using serum thyroglobulin level, tumor size, ultrasound testing, and cytological diagnosis.

Managing thyroid nodules diagnosed cytologically as follicular neoplasms (FN) is challenging for patients and clinicians. Gene panel testing was recently introduced to determine the management strategy for FN; however, it is unavailable in Japan. In this study, we assessed FN management.

Expansion effect of romiplostim on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells versus thrombopoietin and eltrombopag.

Romiplostim, a thrombopoietin (TPO) receptor agonist, is a clinically approved drug that is clearly effective in reconstituting hematopoiesis in refractory aplastic anemia and　idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. However, the mechanism underlying its biological effect is unknown, and its differences from other TPO receptor agonists remain unclear. Therefore, we determined the in vitro expansion effect of romiplostim on human CD34 + hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) versus recombinant human TPO (rhTPO) and another clinically available drug, eltrombopag.

Predictors of distant metastatic recurrence in intermediate-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Background: Patients with intermediate-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) have a favorable prognosis with standard treatment of total thyroidectomy (TT) and adjuvant radioactive iodine therapy (RAIT). However, the benefits of TT or adjuvant RAIT remain undetermined, and they are often omitted in Japan. We investigated risk factors for life-threatening distant recurrence in patients with intermediate-risk PTC who are optimal candidates for adjuvant RAIT.

Ansa Cervicalis External Branch Anastomosis to Restore High Tone Voice in Thyroid Surgery.

Objectives: Injury to the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN) causes low-pitch voice and voice fatigue, particularly in female subjects, and available treatments are limited. Here, we assess a novel surgical procedure to restore a high-tone voice: ansa cervicalis to EBSLN anastomosis (A-E anastomosis).

Methods: Between November 2012 and April 2022, 13 patients (12 female) underwent unilateral EBSLN resection and A-E anastomosis, while 20 (16 female) underwent EBSLN resection during thyroid surgery.

Recurrent laryngeal nerve's course running anteriorly to a thyroid tumor.

The thyroid gland's neurovascular relationship is commonly portrayed as the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) coursing posteriorly to the thyroid gland. We report a rare case with the RLN running anteriorly to a thyroid tumor. A 56-year-old Japanese woman underwent a thyroidectomy for a benign thyroid tumor.

Long-Term Outcomes of Active Surveillance and Immediate Surgery for Adult Patients with Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma: 30-Year Experience.

It has been 30 years since the initiation of active surveillance (AS) for adult patients with low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC). This study compared the long-term oncological outcomes of patients who underwent AS or immediate surgery (IS). This is a retrospective review of extended follow-up data from patients enrolled in a single-center, prospective observational study in Japan.

Clinicopathological features and outcomes of intrathyroidal thymic carcinoma: a single institution study.

Intrathyroidal thymic carcinoma (ITTC) is a rare malignancy of the thyroid. It is thought to originate from ectopic thymic tissue or embryonic thymic rest, in, or adjacent to, the thyroid. We analyzed the backgrounds, clinicopathological features, and prognosis of 20 patients with ITTC, treated at our hospital.

Gauze blotting technique: a novel method to identify parathyroid glands during thyroid surgery without tissue damage.

Hypoparathyroidism is a major complication of thyroid surgery. To avoid this complication, visual identification of the parathyroid glands is essential. However, its effectiveness depends heavily on the surgeon's expertise.

Lipoadenoma of the parathyroid: characteristics of a rare cause of hyperparathyroidism.

Parathyroid Lipoadenoma (PLA) contains abundant mature adipose tissue and is a rare cause of hyperparathyroidism. This study aimed to investigate the clinical features of PLA in nine patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, including two men and seven women, with ages ranging from 45-84 years (median 60 years). PLA accounted for 0.

Prognostic factors for follicular thyroid carcinoma: the importance of vascular invasion.

The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) into three categories: minimally invasive (mFTC), encapsulated angioinvasive (eaFTC), and widely invasive (wFTC). This study investigated whether this classification is appropriate. We enrolled 523 patients who underwent initial surgery at Kuma Hospital between 1998 and 2015 and were diagnosed with FTC.

Prognostic significance of patient age in papillary thyroid carcinoma with no high-risk features.

Older age is recognized as a predictor of poor prognosis in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients. However, young age is associated with disease progression of PTC measuring 1 cm or smaller in patients on active surveillance. In this study, we investigated the relationship between patient age and prognosis of PTC belonging to very low-, low-, and intermediate-risk groups based on the guidelines published by the Japan Association of Endocrine Surgery in 2018.

The Mechanism of Pertussis Cough Revealed by the Mouse-Coughing Model.

Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is a contagious respiratory disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Bordetella pertussis. This disease is characterized by severe and uncontrollable coughing, which imposes a significant burden on patients. However, its etiological agent and the mechanism are totally unknown because of a lack of versatile animal models that reproduce the cough.

Spatial and single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals changes in gene expression in response to drug perturbation in rat kidney.

The kidney is a complex organ that consists of various types of cells. It is occasionally difficult to resolve molecular alterations and possible perturbations that the kidney experiences due to drug-induced damage. In this study, we performed spatial and single-cell transcriptome analysis of rat kidneys and constructed a precise rat renal cell atlas with spatial information.

Development and validation of a deep learning model for detection of breast cancers in mammography from multi-institutional datasets.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to develop and validate a state-of-the-art, deep learning (DL)-based model for detecting breast cancers on mammography.

Methods: Mammograms in a hospital development dataset, a hospital test dataset, and a clinic test dataset were retrospectively collected from January 2006 through December 2017 in Osaka City University Hospital and Medcity21 Clinic. The hospital development dataset and a publicly available digital database for screening mammography (DDSM) dataset were used to train and to validate the RetinaNet, one type of DL-based model, with five-fold cross-validation.

Metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma presenting with elevated serum levels of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9): a case report.

Background: The major sites of distant metastases of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) are the lung and bone; metastasis to the liver is rare. Although the postoperative serum thyroglobulin (Tg) level after total thyroidectomy is a good prognostic indicator for PTC when anti-thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) is negative, the presence of TgAb interferes with the Tg assay, making serum Tg levels unreliable. Here we report a case of liver metastasis of PTC that presented with elevated serum levels of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), which is usually a serum marker of pancreatic and gastrointestinal neoplasias.

Clinical outcomes of follicular tumor of uncertain malignant potential of the thyroid: real-world data.

Thyroid tumors arising from follicular cells can generally be divided into malignant and benign tumors. However, some cases are difficult to clearly diagnose whether they are benign or malignant. Therefore, in the most recent version of World Health Organization (WHO) classification, some borderline lesions such as follicular tumor of uncertain malignant potential (FT-UMP), well-differentiated tumor of uncertain malignant potential (WDT-UMP), and noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) were proposed.

Training, Validation, and Test of Deep Learning Models for Classification of Receptor Expressions in Breast Cancers From Mammograms.

Purpose: The molecular subtype of breast cancer is an important component of establishing the appropriate treatment strategy. In clinical practice, molecular subtypes are determined by receptor expressions. In this study, we developed a model using deep learning to determine receptor expressions from mammograms.

Observational management of papillary microcarcinoma appearing in the remnant thyroid after hemithyroidectomy.

Active surveillance for papillary thyroid microcarcinomas (PTMCs) initiated in Japan is becoming adopted worldwide as a management option. However, it remains unclear how to manage newly appearing PTMCs in the remnant thyroid after hemithyroidectomy. We investigated the outcomes of similar observational management (OM) for PTMCs appearing in the remnant thyroid after hemithyroidectomy for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and benign thyroid nodules.

An Exploratory Phase II Study of Eribulin Re-challenge After Short Term Therapy of 5-Fluorouracil for HER2 Negative, Advanced or Recurrent Breast Cancer.

Background/aim: In our previous study, first-line eribulin (ERI) showed 25 weeks of progression-free survival (PFS). This study investigated the efficacy and safety of ERI re-administration in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients.

Patients And Methods: HER2-negative MBC patients who had never received chemotherapy for MBC received first-line ERI for 18 weeks if they did not have disease progression, and then one cycle of S-1 before ERI re-administration.

Long-term outcomes of cytologically benign thyroid tumors: a retrospective analysis of 3,102 patients at a single institution.

Some thyroid tumors that are cytologically diagnosed as benign may be pathologically diagnosed as malignant. Here, we investigated the long-term outcomes of patients with thyroid tumors with benign cytology, and the factors for malignancy. We retrospectively reviewed the cases of 3,102 patients with thyroid tumors >1 cm cytologically diagnosed as benign at our hospital during a 1-year period from January 2007.

Evaluation of the diagnostic utility of the aminotransferase/lactate dehydrogenase ratio for the suspension of tissue specimens during thyroid surgery for the identification of parathyroid tissue.

Identification of the parathyroid glands during surgery is crucial for preventing postoperative hypoparathyroidism. Kikumori et al. reported that the aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) ratio for the saline suspension of a suspicious tissue can differentiate parathyroid tissue from other tissues.