Mastering tracheostomy care: Refresher programme for tracheostomy training for nurses: Comparison of two training methods based on hands-on simulation-based training alone versus additional complementary self-directed e-learning.

Background: Effective clinical education is essential for managing tracheostomy patients safely and efficiently. Simulation-based training has shown greater efficacy than traditional methods in various clinical settings. Our internal training programme, called the Tracheostomy Refresher Program (TRP) was used to enhance nurses' skills in tracheostomy care.

Defining a clinical prediction rule to diagnose bacterial gastroenteritis requiring empirical antibiotics in an emergency department setting: A retrospective review.

Background: Gastroenteritis (GE) is a non-specific term for various pathologic states of the gastrointestinal tract. Infectious agents usually cause acute GE. At present, there are no robust decision-making rules that predict bacterial GE and dictate when to start antibiotics for patients suffering from acute GE to the emergency department (ED).

Comparison of ROX index (SpO/FIO ratio/respiratory rate) with a modified dynamic index incorporating PaO/FIO ratio and heart rate to predict high flow nasal cannula outcomes among patients with acute respiratory failure: a single centre retrospective study.

Background: High flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is increasingly being used to support patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF) and to avoid need for intubation. However, almost one third of the patients do not respond and require escalation of respiratory support. Previously, ROX index (SpO/FIO [SF] ratio/respiratory rate) has been validated among pneumonia patients to facilitate early recognition of patients likely to fail HFNC and therefore, benefit from timely interventions.

Predictors and outcomes of high-flow nasal cannula failure following extubation: A multicentre observational study.

Introduction: Despite adhering to criteria for extubation, up to 20% of intensive care patients require re-intubation, even with use of post-extubation high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC). This study aims to identify independent predictors and outcomes of extubation failure in patients who failed post-extubation HFNC.

Methods: We conducted a multicentre observational study involving 9 adult intensive care units (ICUs) across 5 public hospitals in Singapore.