Higher Intron Retention Levels in Female Alzheimer's Brains May Be Linked to Disease Prevalence.

Multimodal study of Alzheimer's disease (AD) dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) showed AD-related aberrant intron retention (IR) and proteomic changes not observed at the RNA level. However, the role of sex and how IR may impact the proteome are unclear. Analysis of DLPFC transcriptome showed a clear sex-biased pattern where female AD had 1645 elevated IR events compared to 80 in male AD DLPFC.

Utility of multimodal imaging in the clinical diagnosis of inherited retinal degenerations.

Inherited retinal degeneration (IRD) is a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders of variable onset and severity, with vision loss being a common endpoint in most cases. More than 50 distinct IRD phenotypes and over 280 causative genes have been described. Establishing a clinical phenotype for patients with IRD is particularly challenging due to clinical variability even among patients with similar genotypes.

An atypical case of retinal pigment epithelium tear with remodeling and visual preservation.

This report describes a patient with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) with fovea-involving retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) tear that showed tissue remodeling with a good visual outcome. Imaging over the patient's clinical course from 2019 was reviewed. A 74-year-old female presented with left submacular hemorrhage and a large multi-lobular pigment epithelial detachment.

An overview of Hospital-at-home versus other models of care.

Despite being increasingly adopted in various regions, the model of Hospital-at-home can still appear to be confusing to many healthcare workers. The authors examined and summarized the existing concepts and implementations of Hospital-at-home. How Hospital-at-home contrasts to traditional inpatient models were outlined.

Exploring B7-H4's role in prostate cancer dormancy post-androgen deprivation therapy: extracellular matrix interactions and therapeutic opportunities.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is mainly managed with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), but this often leads to a dormant state and subsequent relapse as lethal castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Using our unique PCa patient-derived xenograft (PDX) dormancy models, we investigated this critical dormant phase and discovered a selective increase in B7-H4 expression during the dormancy period following mouse host castration. This finding is supported by observations in clinical specimens of PCa patients treated with ADT.

Gender-specific effects of dydrogesterone on zebrafish liver metabolism after long-term exposure.

Synthetic progestin dydrogesterone is widely used in gynecology and animal husbandry, leading to high environmental detection rates and concentrations. Dydrogesterone influences sex differentiation, gonad development, and spawning in fish. However, its impact on the liver, a vital organ for hormone production and detoxification, remains largely unknown.

Thoracic Aorta Measurement Extraction from Computed Tomography Radiology Reports Using Instruction Tuned Large Language Models.

Chest computed tomography (CT) is essential for diagnosing and monitoring thoracic aortic dilations and aneurysms, conditions that place patients at risk of complications such as aortic dissection and rupture. However, aortic measurements in chest CT radiology reports are often embedded in free-text formats, limiting their accessibility for clinical care, quality improvement and research purposes. In this study, we developed a multi-method pipeline to extract structured aortic measurements from radiology reports, and compared the performance of fine-tuned BERT-based models with instruction-tuned Llama large language models (LLMs).

Piecing together the narrative of #longcovid: an unsupervised deep learning of 1,354,889 X (formerly Twitter) posts from 2020 to 2023.

Objective: To characterize the public conversations around long COVID, as expressed through X (formerly Twitter) posts from May 2020 to April 2023.

Methods: Using X as the data source, we extracted tweets containing #long-covid, #long_covid, or "long covid," posted from May 2020 to April 2023. We then conducted an unsupervised deep learning analysis using Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT).

Cardiovascular risks of Asian patients on androgen-receptor-targeted agents for prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Prostate cancer is now one of the most prevalent cancers in men in Asia. As the average life expectancy of Asian males with prostate cancer increases with the availability of treatment options, the possible risk of cardiac-related adverse effects arising from androgen-receptor-targeted agents (ARTAs) may be increased due to the greater exposure. We aim to perform a meta-analysis on the incidence of cardiac-related adverse events in Asian patients with prostate cancer treated with ARTAs.

SurgeryLLM: a retrieval-augmented generation large language model framework for surgical decision support and workflow enhancement.

SurgeryLLM, a large language model framework using Retrieval Augmented Generation demonstrably incorporated domain-specific knowledge from current evidence-based surgical guidelines when presented with patient-specific data. The successful incorporation of guideline-based information represents a substantial step toward enabling greater surgeon efficiency, improving patient safety, and optimizing surgical outcomes.

Characterizing Nodal Gamma-Delta T-Cell Lymphoma: Clinicopathological and Molecular Insights.

Peripheral T-cell lymphomas with gamma-delta phenotype (GDTCL) are rare lymphoid malignancies. Beyond the well-recognized entities of extranodal lymphomas with gamma-delta phenotype as defined by the fifth edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Hematolymphoid Tumors and 2022 International Consensus Classification, there is a group of poorly defined gamma-delta T-cell lymphomas with predominantly nodal presentation, termed as nodal GDTCL (nGDTCL). In this study, we present a series of 12 cases of Epstein-Barr virus-negative nGDTCL, highlighting the clinical, histopathological, and molecular features of this rare entity.

Evaluation of the effect of hemodynamic factors on retinal microcirculation by using 3D confocal image-based computational fluid dynamics.

Purpose: To investigate local hemodynamic changes resulting from elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in different vasculature networks using a computational fluid dynamics model based on 3D reconstructed confocal microscopic images.

Methods: Three-dimensional rat retinal vasculature was reconstructed from confocal microscopy images using a 3D U-Net-based labeling technique, followed by manual correction. We conducted a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis on different retinal vasculature networks derived from a single rat.

Pupil Abnormality Frequency in the First 72 Hours Improves IMPACT score in Traumatic Brain Injury.

Importance: In patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), baseline pupillary assessment is common. However, the incidence and frequency of pupil abnormalities within the first several days remain poorly characterized.

Objectives: Our aim was to test the association between pupil abnormality frequency over the first 72 hours of admission and clinical outcomes.

Risk of tuberculosis disease in patients receiving TNF-α antagonist therapy: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) risk associated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) antagonist therapy in patients with autoimmune diseases is a significant concern. This study aims to evaluate the risk of TB disease associated with TNF-α antagonist therapy.

Methods: An extensive search of PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane CENTRAL databases was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing TB disease risk in patients receiving TNF-α antagonist therapy available until November 1, 2024.

The novel quinoline derivative SKA-346 as a K3.1 channel selective activator.

The calcium-activated K3.1 channel plays a crucial role in T-cell immune response. Genetic manipulation of T-cells to upregulate the expression of K channels has been shown to boost T-cell cytotoxicity in cancer.

HELMET: A Hybrid Machine Learning Framework for Real-Time Prediction of Edema Trajectory in Large Middle Cerebral Artery Stroke.

Malignant cerebral edema occurs when brain swelling displaces and compresses vital midline structures within the first week of a large middle cerebral artery stroke. Early interventions such as hyperosmolar therapy or surgical decompression may reverse secondary injury but must be administered judiciously. To optimize treatment and reduce secondary damage, clinicians need strategies to frequently and quantitatively assess the trajectory of edema using updated, relevant information.

Comprehensive analysis of the oncogenic potential of eukaryotic initiation factor 3M via SAAL1 interaction in lung adenocarcinoma.

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) carries a poor prognosis at advanced stages underscoring the need to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms driving its pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the roles of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit M () and its associated effector, serum amyloid A-like 1 (), in LUAD development and progression. Bioinformatic analyses such as TNMplot, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and other public databases were used to evaluate and expression levels, methylation status, clinical associations, and potential transcriptional regulators across LUAD datasets.

Transitional Care Program in Reducing Acute Hospital Utilization in Singapore.

(1) Background: The evidence to support transitional care in reducing acute hospital utilization is variable. Despite changes in the healthcare landscape with a rapidly aging population, there is a lack of local and regional studies to evaluate the effectiveness of transitional home care programs. This study investigates whether a transitional home care program delivered by an acute tertiary hospital can reduce acute hospital utilization.