Cholelithiasis in Infants: Risk Factors, Management, and the Role of Ursodeoxycholic Acid.

Background: Cholelithiasis is a rare disease in infants, and there is limited data on its risk factors and management.

Objectives: To evaluate the risk factors, management, and response to medical treatment of cholelithiasis in infants.

Methods: Infants diagnosed with cholelithiasis by ultrasound between 2018 and 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.

Pandemic of the century: COVID-19 in inflammatory rheumatic diseases of a national cohort with 3,532 patients.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the clinical outcomes and risk factors for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with inflammatory rheumatic disease (IRD) of a national cohort.

Patients And Methods: The multicenter cross-sectional study was carried out between July 15, 2020, and February 28, 2021. Data collection was provided from a national network database system, and 3,532 IRD patients (2,359 males, 1,173 females; mean age: 48.

Development and Validation of an Ultrasonography-Based Machine Learning Model for Predicting Outcomes of Bruxism Treatments.

Background And Objectives: We aimed to develop a predictive model for the outcome of bruxism treatments using ultrasonography (USG)-based machine learning (ML) techniques. This study is a quantitative research study (predictive modeling study) in which different treatment methods applied to bruxism patients are evaluated through artificial intelligence.

Materials And Methods: The study population comprised 102 participants with bruxism in three treatment groups: Manual therapy, Manual therapy and Kinesio Tape or Botulinum Toxin-A injection.

Biomimetic dental implant production using selective laser powder bed fusion melting: In-vitro results.

Instead of a textured surface with irregular pore size and distribution as in conventional dental implants, the use of lattice structures with regular geometric structure and controlled pore size produced by selective laser powder bed fusion melting (LPDF) technique will provide more predictable and successful results regarding osseointegration and mechanics. In this study, biomimetic dental implants with 2 different pore designs were fabricated by LPDF technique and compared with conventional dental implants in terms of surface characterization and resistance to biomechanical forces. Finite element analysis, scanning electron microscopy, computed micro tomography scanning, ISO 14801 tests and detork tests were used for the comparison.

Evaluation of a Decision Support System Developed with Deep Learning Approach for Detecting Dental Caries with Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Imaging.

This study aims to investigate the effect of using an artificial intelligence (AI) system (Diagnocat, Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA) for caries detection by comparing cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) evaluation results with and without the software. 500 CBCT volumes are scored by three dentomaxillofacial radiologists for the presence of caries separately on a five-point confidence scale without and with the aid of the AI system.

Determining the reliability of diagnosis and treatment using artificial intelligence software with panoramic radiographs.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and effectiveness of an artificial intelligence (AI) program in identifying dental conditions using panoramic radiographs (PRs), as well as to assess the appropriateness of its treatment recommendations.

Material And Methods: PRs from 100 patients (representing 4497 teeth) with known clinical examination findings were randomly selected from a university database. Three dentomaxillofacial radiologists and the Diagnocat AI software evaluated these PRs.

Association among Orthodontic Malocclusions, Paranasal Sinuses Anatomic Variations and Adenoid Vegetation in Children Using CBCT.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between orthodontic malocclusion, paranasal sinus (PS) variations, and adenoid vegetation in a group of pediatric patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Clinical and radiographical data were retrospectively evaluated and 58 patients were diagnosed as having chronic sinus disease. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were acquired with Newtom-3G.

Surface morphology of osteochondral grafts harvested from femoral condyles with free-hand technique: a cadaveric study.

Purpose: The purpose of this cadaver study was to examine the surface morphology of the osteochondral grafts harvested from the femoral condyles using the free-hand graft harvesting technique.

Materials And Methods: One hundred osteochondral grafts were harvested with 6.5 mm chisels at ten different donor sites using the free-hand technique in five paired knee specimens (Mean age: 56.

Variations and thicknesses of anterior belly of the digastric muscle: an ultrasonographic study.

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the anatomy and anatomical variations of the anterior belly of the digastric muscle.

Methods: Hundred and fifty one ultrasonographic images of the digastric muscle pairs were evaluated in Near East University Faculty of Dentistry Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology. Morphological variations were recorded using the classification of the digastric muscle into 12 types by Kim et al.

Assessing the reliability of CBCT-based AI-generated STL files in diagnosing osseous changes of the mandibular condyle: a comparative study with ground truth diagnosis.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the reliability of AI-generated STL files in diagnosing osseous changes of the mandibular condyle and compare them to a ground truth (GT) diagnosis made by six radiologists.

Methods: A total of 432 retrospective CBCT images from four universities were evaluated by six dentomaxillofacial radiologists who identified osseous changes such as flattening, erosion, osteophyte formation, bifid condyle formation, and osteosclerosis. All images were evaluated by each radiologist blindly and recorded on a spreadsheet.

Which factor is more reliable considering prophylactic pinning of contralateral hip of unilateral SCFE patients?

Background: This study evaluates the radiological parameters of developing subsequent contralateral slips in unilateral slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) patients at the time of initial presentation.

Methods: The study group included the review of unilateral SCFE patients treated between June 2007 and August 2018. Age, gen-der, side, stability, posterior slope angle, grade of slip, modified Oxford bone age score (mOBAS), the Risser classification, and the ap-pearance of the triradiate cartilage were evaluated retrospectively.

Deep-Learning-Based Automatic Segmentation of Parotid Gland on Computed Tomography Images.

This study aims to develop an algorithm for the automatic segmentation of the parotid gland on CT images of the head and neck using U-Net architecture and to evaluate the model's performance. In this retrospective study, a total of 30 anonymized CT volumes of the head and neck were sliced into 931 axial images of the parotid glands. Ground truth labeling was performed with the CranioCatch Annotation Tool (CranioCatch, Eskisehir, Turkey) by two oral and maxillofacial radiologists.

Substance Initiation Tendency Scale (SITS): Validity and Reliability Study.

The purpose of the present study was to make a new contribution to the literature by developing a scale to detect the substance initiation tendencies of young people and adolescents and to create a leading tool for preventive policies to be implemented against substance use. An 8-item and 2-factor measurement tool called the "Substance Initiation Tendency Scale" was created. The data obtained from 470 students studying in 5 high schools in the Genç County of Bingöl, Turkey, were subjected to reliability and validity tests.

Which parameters are more reliable in proximal humerus surgery in terms of the axillary nerve?

Objectives: This study aims to examine the reliability of the old and new parameters in determining the axillary nerve safe area for surgical interventions in the proximal humerus by measuring the distances between the top of the humeral head, the top of the greater tuberosity, the base of the greater tuberosity, and the acromion and axillary nerve.

Patients And Methods: Between 2020 and 2022, a total of 52 shoulders of 26 fresh frozen male human cadavers (mean age: 46±25.5 years; range, 28 to 64 years), 26 right and 26 left were included.

B-mode and Color Doppler Imaging of Different Types of Branchial Cleft Cysts in Children. A Multicenter Study and Review of the Literature.

Aim: The term "branchial cleft cyst" refers to the lesions that can be considered synonymous with cervical lymphoepithelial cysts. Although relatively rare, they constitute the second major cause of head and neck pathologies in childhood. This study aimed to report the clinical presentations, diagnosis, and management of pediatric patients with the pathological diagnosis of branchial cleft cyst.

Evaluation of hepatitis serology and frequency of viral reactivation in patients with inflammatory arthritis receiving biologic agents: a multicenter observational study.

To evaluate of hepatitis serology and reactivation frequency in patients with rheumatic disease receiving biologic agents. Our study included patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases from 23 centers, who were followed up with biological therapy. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients, duration of drug use and hepatitis serology and the state of viral reactivation were analyzed.

NO (A) Rotational State Distributions from Photodissociation of the N-NO Complex.

We have recorded the resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization spectrum for NO (A) products from photodissociation of the N-NO complex. We made measurements at excitation energies ranging from 28 to 758 cm above the threshold to produce NO (A) + N (X) products, and the resulting spectra reveal the NO (A) rotational states formed during dissociation, allowing us to determine the rotational state distribution. At the lowest available energies, 28 and 50 cm above threshold, we observed contributions from NO (A) rotational states that exceed the available energy and must originate from excitation due to hotbands of the complex.

The Evaluation of Personal Protective Equipment Usage Habit of Mining Employees Using Structural Equation Modeling.

Background: In occupational studies, it is a known situation that technical and organizational attempts are used to prevent occupational accidents. Especially in the mining sector, if these attempts cannot prevent occupational accidents, personal protective equipment (PPE) becomes a necessity. Thus, in this study, the main objective is to examine the effects of the variables on the use of PPE and identify important factors.

Ultrasonographic evaluation of distal femoral and talar cartilage thicknesses in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis and their relationship with disease activity.

Introduction: The aims of this study were to compare the distal femoral and talar cartilage thicknesses by ultrasonography (US) between patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and healthy controls and to investigate the potential relationship of these parameters with disease activity and clinical parameters.

Methods: Fifty-five patients with RA with a disease duration of up to 12 months (RA group), and 55 healthy volunteers (control group) were included in the study. The bilateral distal femur and talus cartilage thicknesses of all participants were measured by US and compared between the groups.

Anisotropy Measurements from the Near-Threshold Photodissociation of the N-NO Complex.

We have used velocity map ion imaging to measure the angular anisotropy of the NO (A) products from the photodissociation of the N-NO complex. Our experiment ranged from 108 to 758 cm above the threshold energy to form NO (A) + N (X) products, and these measurements reveal, for the first time, a strong angular anisotropy from photodissociation. At 108 cm above the photodissociation threshold, we observed NO (A) photoproducts recoil preferentially perpendicular to the laser polarization axis with an average anisotropy parameter, β = -0.

Ultrasound-guided genicular nerve block versus physical therapy for chronic knee osteoarthritis: a prospective randomised study.

To compare the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided genicular nerve block (GNB) and physical therapy (PT) in patients with chronic knee osteoarthritis. A prospective randomised study with 102 patients (45-70 years) was performed wherein the patients received ultrasound-guided GNB (n = 51) and PT (n = 51) along with a standard home exercise programme. Scores for pain on a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and 6-min walking test (6MWT) were assessed pre-treatment and at 2- and 12-weeks post-treatment.