Efficacy of antibiotic combinations in an experimental sepsis model with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

This study aimed to compare the efficacy of fosfomycin, colistin, tobramycin and their dual combinations in an experimental sepsis model. After sepsis was established with a Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate (P1), antibiotic-administered rats were divided into six groups: Fosfomycin, tobramycin, colistin and their dual combinations were administered by the intravenous or intraperitoneal route to the groups. The brain, heart, lung, liver, spleen and kidney tissues of rats were cultured to investigate bacterial translocation caused by P1.

Therapeutic Effect of C-Vx Substance in K18-hACE2 Transgenic Mice Infected with SARS-CoV-2.

C-Vx is a bioprotective product designed to boost the immune system. This study aimed to determine the antiviral activity of the C-Vx substance against SARS-CoV-2 infection. The effect of C-Vx in K18-hACE2 transgenic mice against the SARS-CoV-2 virus was investigated.

The modulatory action of C-Vx substance on the immune system in COVID-19.

The modulatory effect of C-Vx, a novel therapeutic agent, on the immune system of COVID-19 patients was investigated. The functions of T and NK cells of COVID-19 patients with different disease severity were evaluated by flow cytometry in response to C-Vx stimulation. The levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were detected by multiplex assay in supernatants after cell culture with C-Vx.

Time kill-assays of antibiotic combinations for multidrug resistant clinical isolates of OXA-48 carbapenemase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Treatment of infections caused by OXA-48 carbapenemase producing multidrug-resistant isolates often necessitates combination therapy. In vitro effect of different antibiotic combinations against multidrug-resistant (MDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were evaluated in this study.Meropenem-tobramycin (MER+TOB), meropenem-ciprofloxacin (MER+CIP), colistin-meropenem (COL+MER), colistin-ciprofloxacin (COL+CIP) and colistin-tobramycin (COL+TOB) combinations were tested by time kill-assays.

activities of antibiotic combinations against mature biofilms of ventilator-associated pneumonia isolates.

The authors aimed to determine the efficacy of frequently used antibiotics, alone or in combination, against biofilms of ventilator-associated pneumonia isolates. The authors determined the MICs, minimum biofilm inhibitory concentrations and minimum biofilm eradication concentrations of meropenem, ciprofloxacin and colistin as well as their combinations against planktonic forms and biofilms of , and clinical isolates. Generally, the minimum biofilm inhibitory concentrations and minimum biofilm eradication concentrations of the antibiotics were 1000-fold higher than their MICs, and synergy was provided by different concentrations of meropenem-colistin and meropenem-ciprofloxacin combinations with checkerboard and time-kill curve methods.

Would Tracking Coagulation Together with Inflamation Markers be a Prospect for COVID-19 Disease Prognosis?

Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the prognostic roles of hemostatic tests including prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), fibrinogen, D-dimer, and antithrombin III in the progression of disease, monitorization of severe, mild and moderate cases, and also to show their relationship with inflammatory markers including C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin, and interleukin-6 (IL-6).

Methods: The study comprised 604 patients (360 men and 244 women) with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted to Emergency Department of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine between March 15 and April 15, 2020. The variations in the concentration of coagulation tests and inflammatory markers were observed from the admission to hospital to the 10th day with three-day periods.

Comparison of Four Phenotypic Assays and Check-Direct CPE for Detection of Carbapenemases-Producing Enterobacterales.

Background: Early and accurate detection of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) is fundamental to prevent their spread in hospital environment. Our objective was to compare between four commonly used phenotypic assays and Check-Direct CPE (CDCPE) multiplex PCR in CPE detection. We examined stool samples or rectal swabs for CPE, samples collected from 23 Jan 2017 to 23 Jul 2017 from patients in intensive-care units (ICUs) of our hospital.

The effect of tocilizumab, anakinra and prednisolone on antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19: A prospective cohort study with multivariate analysis of factors affecting the antibody response.

Objectives: Disease severity, previous medications and immunosuppressive agents could affect the antibody response against SARS-CoV-2. This study aimed to analyze variables affecting the humoral response to SARS-CoV-2.

Methods: This prospective cohort study included adult patients who recovered from COVID-19 and were admitted to a COVID-19 follow-up unit.

The diagnostic utility of the "Thwaites' system" and "lancet consensus scoring system" in tuberculous vs. non-tuberculous subacute and chronic meningitis: multicenter analysis of 395 adult patients.

Background: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) represents a diagnostic and management challenge to clinicians. The "Thwaites' system" and "Lancet consensus scoring system" are utilized to differentiate TBM from bacterial meningitis but their utility in subacute and chronic meningitis where TBM is an important consideration is unknown.

Methods: A multicenter retrospective study of adults with subacute and chronic meningitis, defined by symptoms greater than 5 days and less than 30 days for subacute meningitis (SAM) and greater than 30 days for chronic meningitis (CM).

Clonal distribution of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in Turkey and the new singleton ST733.

Background: The aim of this study was to provide information about the spread and characteristics of the vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates (VREfm) in Turkey.

Methods: Seventy-one nonduplicate consecutive isolates of VREfm were obtained from various clinical specimens of inpatients treated at university or training hospitals in seven regions of Turkey. Further characteristics included antibiotic susceptibility testing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of SmaI-digested genomic DNA, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of selected isolates.

Improving the communication of hand hygiene procedures: Controlled observation, redesign, and randomized group comparisons.

Objective: To assess the clarity and efficacy of the World Health Organization (WHO) hand-rub diagram, develop a modified version, and compare the 2 diagrams.

Design: Randomized group design preceded by controlled observation and iterative product redesigns.

Setting: The Cognitive Ergonomics Lab in the School of Psychology at the Georgia Institute of Technology.

In vitro evaluation of double carbapenem and colistin combinations against OXA-48, NDM carbapenemase-producing colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains.

Background: Treatment of pandrug-resistant isolates often necessitates combination therapy. Checkerboard synergy and time-killing assay tests were performed to evaluate the benefits of a triple combination with meropenem, ertapenem, and colistin against 10 colistin-resistant K. pneumoniae clinical isolates harboring different β-lactamases.

Hyponatremia Is Predictive of HSV-1 Encephalitis among Patients with Viral Encephalitis.

Encephalitis is an inflammatory process involving the brain parenchyma associated with neurologic dysfunction. The main causes of infectious encephalitis are viruses, including Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). As the mortality rate of HSV-1 encephalitis could be reduced with early acyclovir treatment, it is imperative to distinguish HSV-1 encephalitis from other type of viral encephalitis as early as possible.

Characterization of Resistance Genes and Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Replicon Typing in Carbapenem-Resistant .

Fifty isolates of isolated from clinical samples between 2012 and 2016 that were found to be resistant to carbapenems were included in this study. Resistance genes were investigated by performing PCR. Plasmid typing was performed using PCR-based replicon typing.

Comparison of the Novel Oxa-48 and Kpc K-SeT Assay, and Blue-Carba Test for the Detection of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Using PCR as a Reference Method.

Background: Rapid, simple, and accurate laboratory detection of carbapenemases is very important for proper antibiotic therapy and infection control.

Methods: In this study, carbapenem-nonsusceptible Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) isolates were used to evaluate the performance of a new lateral flow immunochromatographic (IC) assay, the OXA-48 and KPC K-SeT assay, and modified Blue-Carba test (BCT) for the rapid detection of OXA-48 carbapenemase in comparison with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. These CREs of various enterobacterial species were isolated from various clinical samples including OXA-48 (47), NDM-1 (6), KPC-1 (1), IMP-1 (1), VIM-2,-4 (2), IMP-2 (1), OXA-51 (1), and OXA-23 (1) producers.

Hydrocephalus and vasculitis delay therapeutic responses in tuberculous meninigitis: Results of Haydarpasa-III study.

Aims: There is no report on the factors affecting the resolution of symptoms related to meningitis during treatment of tuberculous meningitis (TBM). Thus, we examined the factors associated with early therapeutic responses.

Materials And Methods: This multicenter study included 507 patients with microbiologically confirmed TBM.

Antituberculosis drug resistance patterns in adults with tuberculous meningitis: results of haydarpasa-iv study.

Background: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to antituberculosis drugs is an increasingly common clinical problem. This study aimed to evaluate drug resistance profiles of TBM isolates in adult patients in nine European countries involving 32 centers to provide insight into the empiric treatment of TBM.

Methods: Mycobacterium tuberculosis was cultured from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 142 patients and was tested for susceptibility to first-line antituberculosis drugs, streptomycin (SM), isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RIF) and ethambutol (EMB).

Virulence Genes and Antibiotic Susceptibilities of Uropathogenic E. coli Strains.

Background: The aim of this study is to detect the presence of and possible relation between virulence genes and antibiotic resistance in E. coli strains isolated from patients with acute, uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTI).

Methods: 62 E.

[A case diagnosed with chronic granulomatous disease after disseminated infection following BCG vaccination].

BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) vaccine is a widely used vaccine with the recommendation of World Health Organization to protect children against miliary tuberculosis (TB) and TB meningitis. Severe side effects related to this vaccine mostly manifest in the presence of underlying immunosuppressive disease. In this report, an infant case with unknown chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) who developed disseminated BCG infection after administration of BCG vaccine, was presented.

Recurrent toxocariasis due to chronic urticaria and successful treatment with prolonged albendazole therapy.

Toxocariasis is a worldwide human helminthiasis, especially seen in temperate and tropical climate regions around the world. The diagnosis of this disease is performed on the basis of clinical symptoms and laboratory findings. Albendazole is one of the treatment choices for toxocariasis, with a currently recommended regimen of 10 mg/kg/day in two doses (400 mg twice daily) for 5 days.

Predictors for limb loss among patient with diabetic foot infections: an observational retrospective multicentric study in Turkey.

We aimed to investigate the predictors for limb loss among patients with diabetes who have complicated skin/soft-tissue infections. In this observational study, consecutive patients with diabetic foot infection (DFI) from 17 centres in Turkey, between May 2011 and May 2013 were included. The Turkish DFI Working Group performed the study.

Hamsi scoring in the prediction of unfavorable outcomes from tuberculous meningitis: results of Haydarpasa-II study.

Predicting unfavorable outcome is of paramount importance in clinical decision making. Accordingly, we designed this multinational study, which provided the largest case series of tuberculous meningitis (TBM). 43 centers from 14 countries (Albania, Croatia, Denmark, Egypt, France, Hungary, Iraq, Italy, Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, Syria, Turkey) submitted data of microbiologically confirmed TBM patients hospitalized between 2000 and 2012.

Surgical site infection rates in 16 cities in Turkey: findings of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC).

Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a threat to patient safety; however, there were no available data on SSI rates stratified by surgical procedure (SP) in Turkey.

Methods: Between January 2005 and December 2011, a cohort prospective surveillance study on SSIs was conducted by the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) in 20 hospitals in 16 Turkish cities. Data from hospitalized patients were registered using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) methods and definitions for SSIs.