Developing a procedure to extract chenodeoxycholic acid and synthesize ursodeoxycholic acid from pig by-products.

This study was conducted to develop simple methods for the extraction of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and synthesis of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) from pig by-products. The enzymatic method, which uses bile salt hydrolase (BSH) enzymes to extract CDCA, was found to be more efficient than the chemical method. The chemical method, which uses pig by-products, resulted in UDCA amounts of 6.

Effect of encapsulated edible halophyte with different biopolymers on the inhibition of sodium absorption in mouse.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of edible halophyte encapsulated with biopolymers on inhibition of sodium absorption in mouse. encapsulated with four biopolymers (pectin, chitosan, cellulose and dextrin) were fed to mice for 48 hr, and inhibiting sodium absorption was measured. In primary in vitro condition, fresh encapsulated with 1% cellulose had 40% binding rate.

Overview of Studies on the Use of Natural Antioxidative Materials in Meat Products.

Studies conducted in the past decade related to the use of natural antioxidants in meat products revealed the prevalent use of plant-based antioxidative materials added as powders, extracts, or dried or raw materials to meat products. The amount of antioxidative materials varied from 7.8 ppm to 19.

Subacute feeding toxicity of low-sodium sausages manufactured with sodium substitutes and biopolymer-encapsulated saltwort (Salicornia herbacea) in a mouse model.

Background: Low-sodium sausages were manufactured using sodium substitution and biopolymer encapsulation. A diet comprising 10% treatment sausages (six treatment groups: C (100% NaCl), T1 (55% sodium substitute + 45% saltwort salt), T2 (55% sodium substitute + 45% saltwort salt with chitosan), T3 (55% sodium substitute + 45% saltwort salt with cellulose), T4 (55% sodium substitute + 45% saltwort salt with dextrin), and T5 (55% sodium substitute + 45% saltwort salt with pectin)) was added to a 90% commercial mouse diet for 4 weeks.

Results: Subacute toxicity, hematology, liver function, and organ weight tests in low-sodium sausage groups showed results similar to those of the control group, and all toxicity test levels were within normal ranges.

Analysis for change in microbial contents in five mixed Kimchi starter culture and commercial lactic acid bacterial-fermented sausages and biological hazard in manufacturing facilities.

The purpose of this study was to compare change in microbial contents between sausages with five mixed Kimchi starter culture (T1) and commercial lactic acid bacterial (LAB) (T2) during fermentation, and to screen manufacturing facilities for microbial condition. For T1 and T2, pH levels decreased at 7 days and increased at 14 days. For color, the lightness of T1 decreased at 7 days (36.

Development of Commercially Viable Method of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Synthesis Using Linoleic Acid Fraction Obtained from Pork By-products.

The purpose of this study was to develop a commercially viable method for synthesis of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) using the linoleic acid fraction obtained from six pork by-products (liver, lung, heart, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine). The workflow of CLA synthesis from each by-product was as follows: washing→crude fat extraction→fractionation into saturated and unsaturated fatty acids→repeat unsaturated fatty acid fractionation→CLA synthesis. -9, -11, and -10, -12 CLA was synthesized from pork by-products.

Changes in resistance to and antimicrobial activity of antibiotics during in vitro human digestion.

Objectives: This study was performed to determine changes in (i) the antimicrobial activity of antibiotics (tetracycline, ofloxacin and penicillin) and (ii) the resistance of Staphylococcus aureus RN4220 (SA RN4220) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) to these antibiotics during in vitro human digestion.

Methods: A human gastrointestinal digestion model simulating the conditions of the mouth, stomach, small intestine and large intestine (with intestinal microbial application) was used in this study.

Long-term Efficacy and Biocompatibility of Encapsulated Islet Transplantation With Chitosan-Coated Alginate Capsules in Mice and Canine Models of Diabetes.

Background: Clinical application of encapsulated islet transplantation is hindered by low biocompatibility of capsules leading to pericapsular fibrosis and decreased islet viability. To improve biocompatibility, we designed a novel chitosan-coated alginate capsules and compared them to uncoated alginate capsules.

Methods: Alginate capsules were formed by crosslinking with BaCl2, then they were suspended in chitosan solution for 10 minutes at pH 4.