The Grueneberg ganglion of the mouse projects axons to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb.

First described in 1973, the Grueneberg ganglion (GG) is an arrow-shaped neuronal structure at the anterior end of the nasal cavity. It lines both sides of the nasal septum, within the nasal vestibule, close to the opening of the naris. The functions of the GG and the pattern of projections to the brain are not known.

Ectopic expression of an FT homolog from citrus confers an early flowering phenotype on trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf.).

Citrus FT (CiFT) cDNA, which promoted the transition from the vegetative to the reproductive phase in Arabidopsis thaliana, when constitutively expressed was introduced into trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf.).

The effects of subacute inhalation of di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) on the testes of prepubertal Wistar rats.

In animal studies using oral dosing for short periods, di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is well known for its reproductive toxicity, especially for its testicular toxicity. However, extending the period of DEHP exposure in prepubertal rats resulted in significant increases in testosterone. This suggests that the reproductive effect of DEHP might be associated with the timing and the term of exposure.

Protocols for two- and three-color fluorescent RNA in situ hybridization of the main and accessory olfactory epithelia in mouse.

The main and accessory olfactory epithelia of the mouse are composed of many cell populations. Each sensory neuron is thought to express one allele of one of the approximately 1000 odorant or approximately 300 vomeronasal receptor genes. Sensory neurons die and are replaced by new neurons that differentiate from precursor cells throughout the lifetime of the individual.

A comprehensive evaluation of the testicular toxicity of dichlorvos in Wistar rats.

Assessments of the reproductive toxicity of organophosphorus insecticides are important public health issues. This study aimed at defining the testicular toxicity of dichlorvos (DDVP) since this toxicity was suspected by our previous survey on pesticide sprayers and in some earlier publications during the 1970s. Ten-week-old Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n=8 or 9) and were injected subcutaneously with DDVP (0, 1, 2 or 4 mg/kg) 6 days a week for 9 weeks.

Distribution of tributyltin, dibutyltin and monobutyltin in the liver, brain and fat of rats: two-generation toxicity study of tributyltin chloride.

The distribution of tributyltin (TBT) and its metabolites, dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT), was examined in the liver, brain and fat tissues in a two-generation reproductive toxicity study of tributyltin chloride (TBTCl) in rats using dietary supplementation at concentrations of 5, 25 and 125 ppm. In the liver, irrespective of TBTCl dietary concentration, gender or generation, the highest concentration of metabolite was consistently MBT, followed by DBT, and then TBT. In contrast, TBT was consistently present at the highest concentration in the brain, nearly always followed by DBT and MBT.

Fat-containing variant of solitary fibrous tumor (lipomatous hemangiopericytoma) arising on surface of kidney.

Fat-containing variant of a solitary fibrous tumor is a recently recognized benign soft-tissue tumor that usually affects the thigh and retroperitoneum. We report a 51-year-old woman with a fat-containing variant of a solitary fibrous tumor that is the first reported case involving a visceral organ. The tumor was well delineated and seemed to arise from the renal capsule, radiographically and macroscopically.

Characterization of gamma-terpinene synthase from Citrus unshiu (Satsuma mandarin).

Gamma-terpinene is a monoterpene and a major component of essential oils made from citrus fruits and shows strong antioxidant activity in various assay systems. Plant gamma-terpinene synthase is a member of the monoterpene cyclase family, which produces a specific monoterpene through cyclization of geranyl diphosphate (GPP), but the monoterpene cyclases have not been fully characterized. It is necessary to prepare large amounts of gamma-terpinene synthase from Citrus unshiu (Satsuma mandarin) for the characterization, on this purpose we expressed the protein in Escherichia coli (E.

Long-term clinical and virological outcomes of chronic hepatitis C after successful interferon therapy.

Clinical relevance of occult hepatitis C virus (HCV) and/or hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection(s) remains uncertain years after interferon (IFN) therapy for chronic hepatitis C. By 1993, 38 sustained virological responders (SVRs) showing HCV RNA clearance at 6 months post-treatment and 37 biochemical responders (BRs) with end-of-treatment alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normalization and subsequent 6-month stabilization within 2 x the upper limit of normal (ULN) were enrolled. They were monitored for 4.

Prospective study on the prevalence of secondary hypertension among hypertensive patients visiting a general outpatient clinic in Japan.

Secondary hypertension (SH) including endocrine hypertension has been reported to be uncommon. We estimated the prevalence of SH among hypertensive patients. We prospectively studied 1,020 hypertensive patients.

Effects of perinatal simultaneous exposure to tributyltin (TBT) and p,p'-DDE [1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene) on male offspring of Wistar rats.

p,p'-DDE [1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene; DDE] and tributyltin (TBT) are ubiquitous in the environment and in Japan were shown to bioaccumulate in marine products. Thus these chemicals serve as a source of contaminant in the mammalian food chain. Fetuses and neonates through maternal ingestion may be exposed to DDE and TBT.

Olfactory receptor antagonism between odorants.

The detection of thousands of volatile odorants is mediated by several hundreds of different G protein-coupled olfactory receptors (ORs). The main strategy in encoding odorant identities is a combinatorial receptor code scheme in that different odorants are recognized by different sets of ORs. Despite increasing information on agonist-OR combinations, little is known about the antagonism of ORs in the mammalian olfactory system.

Systemic effects of orally administered p, p'-DDE on immature male Wistar rats during pubertal period.

Systemic effects of p, p'-DDE (1, 1-dichloro-2, 2 bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethylene; DDE) on immature male rats were investigated in pubertal Wistar rats after oral administration of DDE. Special rat chow containing 125 ppm DDE (approximately 10 mg/kg DDE) had been administered daily for 42 d since 6 wk of age and its effects had been observed until 12 wk of age. The administration of DDE did not produce any overt signs of toxicity.

Effects of simultaneous administration of tributyltin (TBT) and p,p(')-DDE on female offspring of Wistar rats.

p,p(')-DDE (DDE) and tributyltin (TBT) occur globally and in Japan were shown to bioaccumulate in marine products, thus serving as a source of contamination in the mammalian food chain. Consequently, fetuses and neonates, through maternal ingestion, may be exposed to DDE and TBT. Therefore, the effects of combined DDE and TBT were investigated in female Wistar rat offspring of dams ingesting these two contaminants.

Systemic toxicity of p,p'-DDE in aged male Wistar rats following oral administration.

Systemic toxicity of p,p'-DDE (DDE) in aged male rats was investigated in Wistar rats by oral administration of DDE. About 10 mg/kg DDE had been daily administered for 28 days from 48 weeks to 52 weeks of age and its effects were observed subsequently. The administration of DDE did not give rise to any overt signs of toxicity.

In situ Ca2+ imaging of odor responses in a coronal olfactory epithelium slice.

An in situ Ca2+ -imaging technique was adopted to monitor odorant responses of more than several hundreds of neurons simultaneously in an intact coronal slice of the mouse olfactory epithelium. The sensitivity and resolution of the slice Ca2+ -imaging were high enough to distinguish between olfactory receptor neurons with threshold concentrations in a one-order difference for a particular odorant at the single-cell level. Increasing odorant concentrations resulted in increases in the numbers of odorant-responsive neurons, which were visualized in situ in the coronal slice.

Necrotic feature of the trophoblasts lacking HLA-G expression in normal and pre-eclamptic placentas.

Problem: Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G is thought to be expressed in all placental extravillous trophoblasts (EXTs). In pre-eclamptic placentas, a lack of HLA-G expression on EXTs had been found, and deduced as a possible cause of pre-eclampsia. However, a subset of EXTs lacking expression of HLA-G can also be found in normal placenta.