Comparison of Two Different Enteral Nutrition Protocol in Critically Ill Patients.

Objective: In this study, two enteral nutrition protocols with different gastric residual volumes (GRVs) and different monitoring intervals were compared with respect to gastrointestinal intolerance findings in intensive care unit (ICU) patients.

Methods: The study was carried out prospectively in 60 patients in the anaesthesiology and reanimation ICU under mechanical ventilation support, who were scheduled to take enteral feeding. Patients were sequentially divided into two groups: Group 1, GRV threshold of 100 mL, and monitoring interval of 4 hours, and Group 2, GRV threshold of 200 mL, monitoring interval of 8 hours.

Effect of hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4 on ischemia-reperfusion determinants in minor lower extremity surgery with tourniquet application.

Study Objective: To investigate the effect of 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) (130/0.4) infusion on ischemia-reperfusion determinants in minor lower extremity operations with tourniquet application.

Design: Prospective, randomized, clinical trial.

Ischaemic preconditioning attenuates haemodynamic response and lipid peroxidation in lower-extremity surgery with unilateral pneumatic tourniquet application: a clinical pilot study.

Introduction: The harmful effects of ischaemia-reperfusion on skeletal muscle during extremity surgery can be diminished by using medications or ischaemic preconditioning

Methods: Twenty patients undergoing lower-limb surgery with use of a tourniquet for at least 1 hour were included in the study and randomised into two groups: a control group with only tourniquet application (T group; n=10); and an ischaemic preconditioning plus tourniquet group (IP-T group; n=10). Blood samples were obtained from the femoral vein of the relevant extremity before tourniquet application (baseline), immediately after tourniquet deflation (TD), at 10 minutes after the tourniquet deflation (TD(10min)) in the T group and additionally after ischaemic preconditioning in the IP-T group. Venous blood pH, partial oxygen pressure (P(vO2)), partial carbon dioxide pressure (P(vCO2)), lactate, potassium, sodium and glucose levels were analysed using a blood gas analyser.

Epidural lornoxicam administration -- innocent.

We aimed to determine the analgesic efficacy and clinical or histopathological neurotoxicity of epidural single-dose lornoxicam. Caudal epidural catheters were inserted into 28 rabbits, divided into four groups, on day 1. Pain latency and degree of motor and sensory loss for each animal for different concentrations of lornoxicam were determined on day 2.

A new method for estimating arterial occlusion pressure in optimizing pneumatic tourniquet inflation pressure.

To reduce pressure-related injuries resulting from pneumatic tourniquet use, the lowest possible inflation pressure is recommended. Arterial occlusion pressure (AOP) is a measure of the cuff pressure required to maintain a bloodless surgical field. However, its determination method is time consuming, requires operator skill, and is therefore seldom used in current practice.

The effects of gender and menopause on serum lidocaine levels in smokers.

It has been established that human cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymatic activity is affected by gender, or by hormonal factors such as the menopause in women. Gender differences have a more pronounced effect on cytochrome (CYP) 3A4 isoenzyme activity, whereas cytochrome (CYP) 1A2 isoenzyme activity is mainly induced by chronic smoking. Lidocaine is frequently used in the treatment of hemodynamic changes following laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation during general anesthesia, and is metabolized by CYP3A4 and CYP1A2 isoenzymes in the liver.

Dilution of rocuronium to 0.5 mg/mL with 0.9% NaCl eliminates the pain during intravenous injection in awake patients.

In a randomized, double-blinded, controlled study, we evaluated the effect of diluting rocuronium 10 mg/mL to 1 or 0.5 mg/mL with 0.9% NaCl on the pain associated with IV administration of rocuronium with small doses given before succinylcholine or nondepolarizing agent administration.