Imaging Genomics and Multiomics: A Guide for Beginners Starting Radiomics-Based Research.

Radiomics uses advanced mathematical analysis of pixel-level information from radiologic images to extract existing information in traditional imaging algorithms. It is intended to find imaging biomarkers related to the genomics of tumors or disease patterns that improve medical care by advanced detection of tumor response patterns in tumors and to assess prognosis. Radiomics expands the paradigm of medical imaging to help with diagnosis, management of diseases and prognostication, leveraging image features by extracting information that can be used as imaging biomarkers to predict prognosis and response to treatment.

Multi-class deep learning architecture for classifying lung diseases from chest X-Ray and CT images.

Medical imaging is considered a suitable alternative testing method for the detection of lung diseases. Many researchers have been working to develop various detection methods that have aided in the prevention of lung diseases. To better understand the condition of the lung disease infection, chest X-Ray and CT scans are utilized to check the disease's spread throughout the lungs.

Clinical, Laboratory, and Ultrasound Related Diagnoses of Thyroid Disorders: Using a Family Medicine Center Data to Assess Thyroiditis and Thyroid Nodules in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.

Introduction/objectives: The prevalence of thyroid disorders is high in Saudi Arabia. Among the disorders, goiter and thyroiditis are the most common and have unique ultrasound (US) features, underscoring the need for US screening for thyroid pathologies. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of thyroiditis and thyroid nodules in patients attending the Family and Community Medicine Center of Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University.

Castleman's Disease and Anticonvulsant Therapy: A Case of 52-Year-Old Female.

Castleman's disease is a disorder of the lymph nodes that encompasses heterogeneous clinical conditions and can be classified into two main types - hyaline vascular and plasma cell. The affected age group ranges widely from two to 80 years old at the time of diagnosis, with a variable clinical presentation. The etiology of Castleman's disease is not yet well-understood; however, a number of factors have been linked to its pathogenesis including certain cytokines, viral infections, autoimmunity, immunodeficiency, chronic inflammation, and Kaposi sarcoma.

Determinants of time-to-disposition in patients who underwent CT for pulmonary embolism: a retrospective study.

Background: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common life-threatening medical emergency that needs prompt diagnosis and management. Providing urgent care is a key determinant of quality in the emergency department (ED) and time-based targets have been implemented to reduce length of stay and overcrowding. The study aimed to determine factors that are associated with having a time-to-disposition of less than 4 h in patients with suspected PE who underwent computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CT-PA) to confirm the diagnosis.

Acquired right-sided diaphragmatic hernia in a patient with retroperitoneal hydatidosis: a case report and review of the literature.

Background: Diaphragmatic hernia is primarily congenital in origin and has potentially devastating pulmonary complications. Acquired diaphragmatic hernia as a complication of hydatid disease remains a rare clinical entity. Retroperitoneal hydatidosis, in particular is an exceptionally rare cause behind a similar presentation.

Sclerosing Encapsulating Carcinomatous Peritonitis: A Case Report.

Sclerosing encapsulating peritonitis (SEP) is a rare clinical condition characterized by the formation of a thick, fibrous membrane encasing the intestines, which may lead to intestinal obstruction. The pathogenesis is not completely understood, but various risk factors are well established. However, there are only few reported cases of SEP associated with peritoneal carcinomatosis.

Clinical and imaging profiles of pulmonary embolism: a single-institution experience.

Background: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common life-threatening condition with non-specific clinical presentations. The diagnosis of PE depends highly on imaging studies, which may also provide prognostic information. This study aimed to describe the clinical and imaging profiles of patients with PE, emphasizing the differences between central and peripheral PE.

Physical exercise among radiologists in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study.

Background: The practice of clinical radiology has become more sedentary in the era of the Picture Archiving and Communication System. Physical inactivity is a well-known risk factor for various chronic diseases. This study aimed to determine the frequency and pattern of physical exercises among radiologists in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia and the association between physical exercises and the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal symptoms.

Gastric Schwannoma In a Patient Undergoing Sleeve Gastrectomy: Uncommon Gastric Tumor Discovered Incidentally During a Common Gastric Procedure.

BACKGROUND Obesity is a major global health issue associated with significant co-morbidities. Regarding its treatment, the use of bariatric procedures is increasing due to their efficacy in weight reduction and improved management of the associated medical conditions. Although comprehensive preoperative evaluation is essential, routine upper endoscopy is controversial.

Digital Eye Strain Among Radiologists: A Survey-based Cross-sectional Study.

Background: Computers have become a fundamental part of clinical radiology departments. Radiologists tend to spend long hours in front of computers, reading and analyzing medical images. This prolonged use of computers is associated with digital eye strain.

Predictors of positive computed tomography pulmonary angiography results.

Purpose: Computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CT-PA) is the diagnostic modality used for pulmonary embolism (PE). This study aimed to estimate the positive CT-PA rate and identify the predictors of positive CT-PA results.

Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted by examining the CT-PA data for ruling out PE in all adult patients who visited the King Fahd Hospital of Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University.

The use of clinical decision rules for pulmonary embolism in the emergency department: a retrospective study.

Background: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common and life-threatening medical condition with non-specific clinical presentation. Computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CT-PA) has been the diagnostic modality of choice, but its use is not without risks. Clinical decision rules have been established for the use of diagnostic modalities for patients with suspected PE.

Splenosis of the Mesoappendix with Acute Appendicitis: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND Splenosis is a benign condition involving the auto-transplantation of splenic tissue at various locations, resulting from splenic injury or splenectomy. CASE REPORT A 40-year-old male, with a history of remote exploratory laparotomy with splenectomy secondary to blunt abdominal trauma, presented with symptoms consistent with acute appendicitis, which was subsequently confirmed by computed tomography scan of the abdomen that further demonstrated the presence of multiple abdominal nodules, one of which was adjacent to the appendix. A laparoscopic appendectomy was then performed along with resection of the nodule located in the mesoappendix, which was confirmed to be a splenic tissue based on histopathological examination.

Maximizing Value While Volumes are Increasing.

Radiologists are facing ever increasing volumes while trying to provide value-based care. There are several drivers of increasing volumes: increasing population size, aging population, increased utilization, gaps in evidence-based care, changes in the provider workforce, defensive medicine, and increasing case complexity. Higher volumes result in increased cognitive and systemic errors and contribute to radiologist fatigue and burnout.

Virtual and augmented reality: potential applications in radiology.

The modern-day radiologist must be adept at image interpretation, and the one who most successfully leverages new technologies may provide the highest value to patients, clinicians, and trainees. Applications of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) have the potential to revolutionize how imaging information is applied in clinical practice and how radiologists practice. This review provides an overview of VR and AR, highlights current applications, future developments, and limitations hindering adoption.

Concomitant bilateral elastofibroma in the infrascapular and gluteal regions: a report of a rare case.

Background: Elastofibroma is a benign soft tissue tumor characterized by the presence of elastic fibers in a stroma of collagen and mature adipose tissue. It is reported to have a prevalence of 2.73%, as shown by a study through computed tomography (CT) images.

Musculoskeletal symptoms among radiologists in Saudi Arabia: a multi-center cross-sectional study.

Background: Musculoskeletal symptoms account for the majority of work-related illnesses resulting in a significant economic burden on society. Computer users are subject to unique repetitive strains that predispose them to musculoskeletal symptoms. In the digitalized field of radiology, radiologists spend long hours interpreting medical images on computers.

A rare form of Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome: Case report and review of literature.

Introduction: Primary amenorrhea is failure to reach menarche. Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is the second most common cause of primary amenorrhea, after gonadal dysgenesis. Herein, we report a rare case of an unusual subtype of MRKH syndrome.

Malrotated right supernumerary kidney: Case report of a rare anomaly.

Supernumerary Kidney is a one of the rarest congenital renal anomalies with less than 100 cases reported in the literature. This accessory kidney has its own collecting system, vascular supply and well-defined capsule. We report a case of 18-year-old lady with a history of vague intermittent abdominal pain and has palpable abdominal mass who was found to have malrotated right supernumerary kidney with pelviureteric junction obstruction.

Transurethral Resection for the Treatment of an Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor of the Urinary Bladder: A Case Report.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMT) of the urinary bladder is a remarkably rare bladder tumor. To this day, no standardized treatment protocol has been recognized. Here we report a case of bladder IMT in a 14-year-old girl presenting with urgency, frequency, and gross painless hematuria for a week.

Is primary tumor detectable in prostatic carcinoma at routine contrast-enhanced CT?

Objectives: To determine if prostatic carcinoma (PCa) is detectable at routine contrast-enhanced CT (CECT).

Materials And Methods: With institutional review board approval, 63 consecutive PCa patients underwent CECT before therapy. Two blinded radiologists assessed for rounded focal enhancing peripheral zone nodules.

Prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma: an aggressive tumour variant unrecognized on T2 weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Introduction: Prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma (DCa) is an aggressive variant. The purpose of this study was to determine if T2 signal intensity (SI) differs from conventional adenocarcinoma (CCa).

Materials And Methods: A retrospective study of patients who underwent preoperative MRI and prostatectomy between 2009 and 2012 was performed.

Multi-modality organ-based approach to expected imaging findings, complications and recurrent tumour in the genitourinary tract after radiotherapy.

Purpose: Radiotherapy (RT) is an integral component in the management of many abdominal and pelvic malignancies. Imaging follow-up in patients who have received RT is performed to assess for treatment response, evaluate for tumour recurrence and to diagnose complications related to treatment. The purpose of this pictorial review is to depict the expected imaging findings and potential complications following RT in the genitourinary (GU) tract using an organ-based approach and to review the diagnosis of locally recurrent tumour in the GU tract following RT.