Recovery of Learning and Memory Deficits Despite Persistent Pyknosis of the Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons of Adult Hydrocephalic Mice.

Background: The hippocampal alterations resulting from hydrocephalus are associated with various cognitive dysfunctions. Reduced learning and memory are early functional deficits that recover with time in experimental hydrocephalus. This study investigated the recovery processes of learning and memory loss in relation to the morphology of hippocampal pyramidal neurons and the degree of expansion of the ventricles.

(Benth.) Pax & K. Hoffman extract protects against lead-induced neurodegeneration in cockerel chickens.

Lead (Pb) is a ubiquitous, non-biodegradable heavy metal contaminant with a significant impact on both human and animal health. The adverse effect of lead on health and productivity of avian species has received little attention. (Benth) belongs to Euphorbiaceae family and grows naturally in the Nigerian rain forest.

Healers that hurt: a scoping review of media reports of cases of rape in healthcare settings.

Background: Sexual assault occurring within healthcare settings represents a significant breach of public trust. This scoping review aimed to highlight the profile of people raped, those who committed the rape within the health facilities, and the legal actions taken to resolved cases.

Methods: Media-reported data on incidents of rape in healthcare settings were collected.

Vanadium administration ameliorates cortical structural and functional changes in juvenile hydrocephalic mice.

Vanadium is a prevalent neurotoxic transition metal with therapeutic potentials in some neurological conditions. Hydrocephalus poses a major clinical burden in neurological practice in Africa. Its primary treatment (shunting) has complications, including infection and blockage; alternative drug-based therapies are therefore necessary.

Vanadium improves memory and spatial learning and protects the pyramidal cells of the hippocampus in juvenile hydrocephalic mice.

Background: Hydrocephalus is a neurological condition known to cause learning and memory disabilities due to its damaging effect on the hippocampal neurons, especially pyramidal neurons. Vanadium at low doses has been observed to improve learning and memory abilities in neurological disorders but it is uncertain whether such protection will be provided in hydrocephalus. We investigated the morphology of hippocampal pyramidal neurons and neurobehavior in vanadium-treated and control juvenile hydrocephalic mice.

Morphometric analysis of the spinal cord of the Sus scrofa (large white and landrace crossbreed).

The incidence of spinal cord (SC) injury in developed and undeveloped countries is alarming. The pig (Sus scrofa) has been recommended as a suitable research model for translational studies because of its morphophysiological similarities of organ systems with humans. There is a dearth of information on the SC anatomy of the large white and landrace crossbreed (LW-LC) pigs.

Probing Caffeine Administration as a Medical Management for Hydrocephalus: An Experimental Study.

Background: Hydrocephalus is currently managed by cerebrospinal fluid diversion from the cerebral ventricles to other body sites, but this is complicated by obstruction and infection in young infants, thus adding to morbidity and mortality. Studies have reported caffeine to be a pleiotropic neuroprotective drug in the developing brain due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties, with improved white matter microstructural development. In this study, we investigate the use of caffeine administration as a possible means of pharmacological management for hydrocephalus.

Occurrence and Progression of Dental Abnormalities in the Black Fronted Duiker () Due to Deficient Diet and Extreme Weather Phenomena.

This study aims to assess the contributory and predisposing effects of prolonged drought and climate phenomena on the occurrence of dental abnormalities among three age groups of the black duiker (). 36 skulls comprised of 18 females and 18 males were examined. Each group consisted of 8 kids (age range 0-10 months) (4 males and 4 females), 14 mature individuals (age range 1-3 years) (7 males and 7 females) and 14 adults (age range older than 3½ years) (7 males and 7 females).

Mesowear pattern of the fourth upper premolar in Tropical Raccoons (Procyon cancrivorus) from three Nigerian ecologic zones: Intra-specific dietary resource partitioning.

Tooth-wear signatures obtained from maxillary carnassial fourth premolar teeth of raccoons in three ecologic regions in Nigeria testified to segregations in diet of the species with more abrasive diet in specimens from coastal south-western areas compared to more vegetal diet content of those from middle belt and northern areas. Endoloph assessments showed sexually dimorphic mesowear signals between and within locations suggestive that males are more exposed to dental wears compared to females; Male and female specimens from rainforest zone had 40.2% and 34.

ERK/MAPK signalling in the developing brain: Perturbations and consequences.

The extracellular regulated kinase/microtubule-associated protein kinase (ERK/MAPK) signalling pathway transduces signals that cause an alteration in the ongoing metabolic pathways and modifies gene expression patterns; thus, influencing cellular behaviour. ERK/MAPK signalling is essential for the proper development of the nervous system from neural progenitor cells derived from the embryonic mesoderm. Several signalling molecules that regulate the well-coordinated process of neurodevelopment transduce developmental information through the ERK/MAPK signalling pathway.

Naringenin improves depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors in mice exposed to repeated hypoxic stress through modulation of oxido-inflammatory mediators and NF-kB/BDNF expressions.

Oxidative and inflammatory signaling pathways have been identified as important targets for mitigating hypoxic stress-induced neurological complications. Thus, the effects of naringenin, a potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective bioflavonoid on hypoxic stress-induced depressive-like and anxiety-related behaviors in mice, and the underlying molecular mechanisms were evaluated in this study. Thirty-five male Swiss mice were distributed into 5 groups (n = 7).

Changes in Neuronal Density of the Sensorimotor Cortex and Neurodevelopmental Behaviour in Neonatal Mice with Kaolin-Induced Hydrocephalus.

Introduction: Hydrocephalus is a disorder in which the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid is altered in a manner that leads to its accumulation in the ventricles and subarachnoid space. Its impact on the neuronal density and networks in the overlying cerebral cortex in a time-dependent neonatal hydrocephalic process is largely unknown. We hypothesize that hydrocephalus will affect the cytoarchitecture of the cerebral cortical mantle of neonatal hydrocephalic mice, which will in turn modify sensorimotor processing and neurobehaviour.

Neurobehavioural changes and morphological study of cerebellar purkinje cells in kaolin induced hydrocephalus.

Cerebellar abnormalities are commonly associated with hydrocephalus. However, the effect of hydrocephalus on the otherwise normal cerebellum has been largely neglected. This study assesses the morphological changes in the Purkinje cells in relation to cerebellar dysfunction observed in juvenile hydrocephalic rats.

Dendritic and Synaptic Degeneration in Pyramidal Neurons of the Sensorimotor Cortex in Neonatal Mice With Kaolin-Induced Hydrocephalus.

Obstructive hydrocephalus is a brain disorder in which the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is altered in a manner that causes expansion of fluid-filled intracranial compartments particularly the ventricles. The pyramidal neurons of the sensorimotor cortex are excitatory in nature and their dendritic spines are targets of excitatory synapses. This study evaluated the effect of hydrocephalus on dendritic arborization and synaptic structure of the pyramidal neurons of the sensorimotor cortex of neonatal hydrocephalic mice.

Relative biocompatibility of micro-hybrid and nano-hybrid light-activated composite resins.

In vitro studies have revealed a direct association between resin content and cytotoxicity of composite resins; however, implantation studies in this regard are sparse. This study investigates the relationship between filler content of composite resins and biocompatibility. This research employed twelve 180‒200-gr male Wistar rats, 1 nano-hybrid (Prime-Dent Inc.