[Prognosis for the cases after resection of pulmonary metastasis of osteosarcoma].

Osteosarcoma commonly metastasize to the lungs. Sixty-six cases with surgical treatment for pulmonary metastasis of osteosarcomas have been experienced for past 25 years in our hospital. Disease free interval (DFI) and the number of metastatic lesions were assessed in relation to their prognosis.

Sonographic diagnosis and successful nonoperative management of sealed perforated duodenal ulcer.

We encountered a case of sealed perforated duodenal ulcer in a 75-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis and chronic renal failure. Abdominal sonography showed a bright linear echo within the thickened anterior wall of the duodenal bulb and the presence of free air at the anterior surface of the liver. We found no signs of direct communication between the duodenal lumen and the peritoneal cavity or any free fluid.

Studies on tissue characterization by texture analysis with co-occurrence matrix method using ultrasonography and CT imaging.

We used texture analysis with the co-occurrence matrix method to analyze ultrasonograms from normal and diseased livers, and X-ray CT images obtained from normal cases and cases of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. Ten cases of normal, fatty, and cirrhotic livers; 10 cases of normal lungs; and 10 cases of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia, all confirmed by clinical findings, laboratory data, surgery, or biopsy, were the subjects of this study. We compared the results of texture analysis in normal and diseased livers under the same conditions of gain, focus, magnification rate, probe frequency, and depth of the region of interest.

New method of sentinel node identification with ultrasonography using albumin as contrast agent: a study in pigs.

The purpose of our study was to verify in animals the possibility of using albumin-enhanced ultrasonography as a modality for sentinel node detection. The nine pigs were injected subcutaneously in the neck with albumin, five with 5% solution and four with 25% solution, and then the regional lymph nodes were observed over time. It was found that, where the 5% solution had been injected, the lymph nodes showed no change, but where the 25% solution had been used, a high echo 1 to 5 mm in size was seen at the hilus of the nearest lymph node.

Simulations of Kikuchi patterns due to thermal diffuse scattering on MgO crystals.

Inelastic scattering of fast transmission electrons from a perfect crystal is investigated using the Bloch wave theory. A comprehensive expression for the scattering of electrons is given, which includes both elastic and inelastic multiple scatterings. This expression is an extended form of Fujimoto's expression for elastic scattering (J.

Growth hormone binding protein, insulin-like growth factor-I and short stature in two pygmy populations from the Philippines.

The molecular basis and biochemical mediators of genetic growth propensity and adult height achievement in the general population are largely unknown. Pygmies represent one extreme of the height spectrum that may provide important clues regarding this issue. Previous studies in pygmies from Africa and Papua-New Guinea have shown decreased serum levels of growth hormone binding protein (GHBP), the circulating ectodomain of the growth hormone receptor (GHR).

Diagnosis of arteriovenous malformation of the internal iliac vessels by color Doppler ultrasonography: A case report.

A 13-year-old girl was admitted to the hospital because of cardiomegaly found incidentally at regular medical checkup at her school. Although dilated cardiomyopathy was suspected, the girl showed no symptoms. chest x-ray film showed cardiomegaly (cardiothoracic ratio, 67%), and echocardiogram demonstrated a dilatation of the left ventricle without thinning of the wall.

Three major lineages of Asian Y chromosomes: implications for the peopling of east and southeast Asia.

DNA variation on the non-recombining portion of the Y chromosome was examined in 610 male samples from 14 global populations in north, east, and southeast Asia, and other regions of the world. Eight haplotypes were observed by analyses of seven biallelic polymorphic markers ( DYS257(108), DYS287, SRY(4064), SRY(10831), RPS4Y(711), M9, and M15) and were unevenly distributed among the populations. Maximum parsimony tree for the eight haplotypes showed that these haplotypes could be classified into four distinct lineages characterized by three key mutations: an insertion of the Y Alu polymorphic (YAP) element at DYS287, a C-to-G transversion at M9, and a C-to-T transition at RPS4Y(711).

Molecular phylogeny of butterflies Parnassius glacialis and P. stubbendorfii at various localities in East Asia.

The phylogeny of butterflies, Parnassius stubbendorfii and P. glacialis, collected at various localities in the Japan archipelago and the eastern part of the Asian continent was analyzed using mitochondrial DNA sequences coding for NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (805 bp). The molecular phylogenetic trees revealed that P.

Triethylborane-induced bromine atom-transfer radical addition in aqueous media: study of the solvent effect on radical addition reactions.

A mixture of ethyl bromoacetate and 1-octene was treated with triethylborane in water at ambient temperature to provide ethyl 4-bromodecanoate in good yield. The bromine atom-transfer radical addition in benzene was not satisfactory. The addition proceeded smoothly in polar solvents such as DMF and DMSO, protic solvents such as 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol, and aqueous media.

[Responses to a questionnaire on laboratory examinations performed by graduates of Jichi Medical School in rural practice].

Graduates from Jichi Medical School are obligated to work at rural clinics or hospitals, where most of them are the only medical doctor in the house. Our need to continuously improve medical education, including the learning that takes place in the clinical setting, requires us to understand how these graduates actually use laboratory examinations and what examinations they find most important in their practice. We designed a questionnaire to address these questions.

Theoretical Study of Endo Selectivity in the Diels-Alder Reactions between Butadienes and Cyclopropene.

The endo selectivity in the Diels-Alder reactions of some substituted butadienes with cyclopropene has been investigated theoretically. Electron delocalization between a diene and the dienophile has been presented in terms of pairs of interaction orbitals. In addition to the principal orbital interactions to form new sigma bonds between the diene and the dienophile, the cyclopropene occupied interaction orbital shows significant amplitudes on the methylenic hydrogens to overlap in phase with the paired unoccupied interaction orbital of butadiene at the backbone C(2) and C(3) carbons.

Theoretical Study of Strong Basicity in Aromatic Diamines.

The basic strength of NH(3), NH(2)(CH(3)), NH(CH(3))(2), and N(CH(3))(3) has been evaluated by generating for each species the orbital that plays the dominant role in electron delocalization to an attached proton. The theoretically determined strength has been found to correlate well with the calculated value of proton affinity. The analysis has then been extended to a so-called "proton-sponge" compound, 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene.

Sonographic detection of diffuse peripheral nerve hypertrophy in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy.

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy is an autoimmune disease characterized by recurrent demyelination and remyelination with resultant thickening of the peripheral nerves. We report a case in which sonography was instrumental in demonstrating diffuse peripheral nerve hypertrophy. On sonography, both brachial plexuses were found to be diffusely hypertrophic and hypoechoic.

Theoretical study of activation of oxirane by bidentate acids.

The reaction of oxirane with amines in the presence of some bidentate and monodentate Bronsted acids has been studied theoretically by taking some simplified reaction models. Acids have been shown to serve as temporary reservoirs of electronic charge during the reaction to strengthen the nucleophilicity of the substrate. The shift of electronic charges and enhancement of the nucleophilicity of oxirane have been represented by means of paired interaction orbitals and projected reactive orbitals.

Analysis of HLA genes and haplotypes in Ainu (from Hokkaido, northern Japan) supports the premise that they descent from Upper Paleolithic populations of East Asia.

The Ainu people are assumed to be the descendants of pre-agricultural native populations of northern Japan, while the majority of population of present-day Japan (Hondo-Japanese) is considered to have descended mainly from post-neolithic migrants. Sequence-level polymorphisms of the HLA-class I (HLA-A and HLA-B) genes were investigated in DNA samples of 50 Ainu living in Hidaka district, Hokkaido. HLA-A*2402, A*0201, A*0206, A*2601, A*3101, B*1501, B*5101, B*3901, and B*3501 were observed at frequencies of more than 10% and most of these have previously been found in populations of not only Asians but also North and South American Indians.

Genetic origins of the Japanese: a partial support for the dual structure hypothesis.

Based on the morphological characteristics of the skull and teeth, Hanihara ([1991] Japan Review 2:1-33) proposed the "dual structure model" for the formation of modern Japanese populations. We examine this model by dividing it into two independent hypotheses: 1) the Upper Paleolithic population of Japan that gave rise to the Neolithic Jomon people was of southeast Asian origin, and 2) modern Ainu and Ryukyuan (Okinawa) populations are direct descendants of the Jomon people, while Hondo (Main Island)-Japanese are mainly derived from the migrants from the northeast Asian continent after the Aeneolithic Yayoi period. Our aim is to examine the extent to which the model is supported by genetic evidence from modern populations, particularly from Japan and other Asian areas.

Y chromosome markers and Trans-Bering Strait dispersals.

Five polymorphisms involving two paternally inherited loci were surveyed in 38 world populations (n = 1,631) to investigate the origins of Native Americans. One of the six Y chromosome combination haplotypes (1T) was found at relatively high frequencies (17.8-75.