Diagnosis and classification of optic neuritis.

There is no consensus regarding the classification of optic neuritis, and precise diagnostic criteria are not available. This reality means that the diagnosis of disorders that have optic neuritis as the first manifestation can be challenging. Accurate diagnosis of optic neuritis at presentation can facilitate the timely treatment of individuals with multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, or myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease.

Clinical Features and Risk Factors of Patients with Presumed Ocular Toxoplasmosis.

Purpose: To determine the clinical features and risk factors of presumed ocular toxoplasmosis (POT) in patients affected with the condition at Irrua, Nigeria.

Methods: The study included 69 patients with POT, and 69 age and sex matched subjects who served as the control group. Data was obtained using interviewer administered questionnaires.

Ocular disorders in stroke patients in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria.

Background: Stroke is a medical emergency of public health importance which affects the physical, mental, and emotional well-being of its victims. Management and rehabilitation are cumbersome for patients and caregivers. Ocular involvement and visual loss could further increase the burden of care.

A comparison study of conjunctiva disorders in technical and administrative sawmill workers in Nigeria.

Background: Workers in the sawmilling industry are at risk of various ocular hazards as a direct result of the sawmilling processes. The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of conjunctival disorders between technical and administrative sawmill workers in Benin, Nigeria.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on sawmill workers in Benin, Nigeria, between January and May 2009, with the aid of pre-tested questionnaires.

Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Presenting as a Huge Ocular Adnexal and Forehead Mass.

Purpose: To report a case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) presenting as an ocular adnexal and forehead mass.

Case Report: An elderly male patient was referred by a neurosurgeon to the eye clinic with a six-month history of a massive tumor measuring 12×16×8 cm involving the right side of the forehead, eyebrow and upper eyelid. Neurological examination had been normal and computed tomography revealed no intracranial extension.

Cost Analysis of Medical versus Surgical Management of Glaucoma in Nigeria.

Purpose: To analyze the cost of glaucoma medical therapy and compare it with that of surgical management in Nigeria.

Methods: The cost of glaucoma drugs and that of surgical therapy in patients who attended the eye clinic of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria, between December 2002 and November 2008 were calculated over a 3 year period of follow-up. Costs of medical and surgical therapy were compared based on November 2008 estimates.

Ocular disorders in adult leukemia patients in Nigeria.

Context: Leukemias may present with, or be associated with ocular disorders.

Aims: To determine the rates of ophthalmic disorders in adult patients with leukemia.

Settings And Design: A prospective study of ocular disorders in adult patients with leukemia at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria, between July 2004 and June 2008 was conducted.

Ophthalmic disorders in adult lymphoma patients in Africa.

Context: Ocular manifestations of lymphoma are rare events. Most reports of ocular involvement in lymphoma are case reports or reports of a few patients.

Aims: To determine the ophthalmic disorders in adult, African, lymphoma patients.

Glaucoma in a suburban tertiary care hospital in Nigeria.

Purpose: To determine the incidence and contribution of different types of glaucoma to blindness at Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, a suburban tertiary care hospital in Edo State, Nigeria.

Methods: Medical records of all new patients with glaucoma who presented to the eye clinic of the hospital from June 2007 to May 2009 were reviewed.

Results: Out of a total of 2,742 new patients seen over the study period, 177 (6.

Effectiveness of intra-operative Mitomycin-C in reducing the recurrence of pterygium in Irrua, Nigeria.

Aims And Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of intra-operative Mitomycin-C application after pterygium surgery in Irrua, Nigeria.

Materials And Methods: The medical records of all patients who had pterygium excision with intra-operative application of 0.4mg/ml Mitomycin C between June 2002 and May 2007 and followed up for at least a year were reviewed.

Current concepts in the diagnosis of primary open angle glaucoma.

Background: Primary open angle glaucoma is characterized by quantifiable parameters including the intraocular pressure, the aqueous outflow facility, and geometric measurements of the optic disc and visual defects. Despite this, diagnosis remains controversial.

Objective: To review the current concepts in the diagnosis of primary open angle glaucoma and adapt them to situations where high technology facilities are lacking.

Vascular risk factors for open angle glaucoma in african eyes.

Context: The exact patho physiological mechanizm of optic nerve damage in glaucoma is not fully understood.

Aim: To assess the vascular risk factors in open angle glaucoma in African eyes.

Settings And Design: Prospective multicenter hospital-based study in Edo State, Nigeria.

Presenting visual acuities in a referral eye center in an oil-producing area of Nigeria.

Objectives: To determine the pattern of presenting visual acuities at an eye center in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review

Methods: A retrospective review of patient records attending a private referral eye center providing services for company patients and the general public in the region. Information was obtained from computerized medical records of 6533 patients who attended the center for various eye concerns in a 5-year period (January 1998 to December 2002).

Non-traumatic Ocular Findings in Industrial Technical Workers in Delta State, Nigeria.

Purpose: To determine the pattern of non-traumatic ocular disorders in industrial technical workers in the Delta state, Nigeria.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of the pattern of non-traumatic ocular disorders among industrial technical workers in 3 factories in Ughelli North local Government Area of Delta state, Nigeria was conducted between February, 2002 and May, 2002. In addition to the demographic, the workers were studied for the presence of any non-trauma related ocular findings.

Ultrasonographic ocular diameters in Nigerians.

Background: There is little information on the biometric ultrasonography of the eyeball, especially in Africans. The eyeball diameters form the basis for the calculation of the intraocular lens power and diagnosis of axial hypermetropia and myopia

Objective: To determine the ocular diameters of healthy Nigerian eyes.

Methods: Measurements of the eyeball in volunteers were taken on the B-mode image using a Medison's Sonoace 1500 ultrasound machine using a 6.

A review of the changes in the ophthalmic and visual system in pregnancy.

Pregnancy is often associated with ocular changes which may be more commonly transient but occasionally, permanent. It may be associated with the development of new ocular conditions, or can exacerbate pre-existing conditions. The ocular effects of pregnancy may be physiological or pathological or may be modifications of pre-existing conditions.

Glaucomatocyclitic crisis in Edo State, Nigeria: report of two cases.

Objective: To report two classical cases of glaucomatocylitic crisis in tertiary Health Centres in Edo State, Nigeria.

Method: Two cases of glaucomatocylitic crisis seen at Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, and University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, both in Edo State, Nigeria are reported. Diagnosis was based on typical history and findings on examination.

Ophthalmic manifestations of multiple myeloma.

Background: The ophthalmic manifestations of multiple myeloma can be seen in practically every ocular structure. Ocular findings may be the first manifestations of the disease. It may also occur as one of the extramedullary manifestations of the disease or as the first sign of insufficient chemotherapy.

Richter syndrome: a review of clinical, ocular, neurological and other manifestations.

Richter syndrome describes the development of high-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) or Hodgkin lymphoma in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL). Richter transformation occurs in 3.3 to 10.

Ocular disorders in adult patients with tuberculosis in a tertiary care hospital in Nigeria.

Objectives: To determine the ocular disorders in adult tuberculosis (TB) patients in Benin City, Nigeria.

Methods: A prospective study of adult TB patients presenting at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria, between March 2006 and October 2006 was undertaken. The patients were interviewed and examined by the authors and the ocular findings recorded.

Ophthalmic manifestations of lymphoma.

Background: Ophthalmic involvement in lymphoma is a relatively rare condition that can result from a primary intraocular lymphoma or an intraocular manifestation of systemic lymphoma. This report reviews the ophthalmic manifestations of lymphoma.

Methods: Review of relevant information from journal articles and Internet search.

An unusual case of marble intraocular foreign body.

This report presents a case of marble intraocular foreign body that developed toxic complications during surgery. The patient is a 25 years old male who presented to the University of Benin Teaching Hospital with a history of trauma to the right eye while cutting marble. He was examined, had an ocular ultrasound scan and subsequently had an extracapsular cataract extraction.

Problems of management of primary congenital glaucoma in Benin City, Nigeria.

Objectives: To determine the problems encountered in the management of primary congenital glaucoma in developing countries.

Methods: A prospective study of new patients with a diagnosis of primary congenital glaucoma attending the eye clinic of the University of Benin Teaching hospital, Benin City, Nigeria over a 5 year period, from July 2001 to June 2006. The age, sex, presenting complaints and duration were recorded.

Maxillary herpes zoster with corneal involvement in a HIV positive pregnant woman.

Corneal involvement in maxillary herpes zoster is very rare. This report presents the case of a 32 years old 7 months pregnant para2+1 female, who presented with vesiculopapular rashes with hyperpigmented crusts over the maxillary area of the face on the left side with periocular oedema, conjunctivitis and mild punctate keratitis in the left eye. She was HIV positive and was on treatment with the highly active antiretroviral therapy.