Vaccination during pregnancy by race/ethnicity: a focus on American Indians/Alaska Natives.

Background: Vaccination during pregnancy reduces the incidence of infections and their associated adverse outcomes in both mothers and infants. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists has recommended influenza and Tdap vaccination during pregnancy since 2004 and 2013, respectively. Several studies have examined disparities in vaccination rates during pregnancy by race/ethnicity.

Proliferative and anti-apoptotic indices of unicystic ameloblastoma, odontogenic keratocyst, dentigerous cyst and radicular cyst.

Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the proliferative capacity and antiapoptotic capacity of unicystic ameloblastoma (UA), odontogenic keratocyst (OKC), dentigerous cyst (DC) and radicular cyst (RC) by assessing the Ki-67 labeling index (LI) and Bcl-2 LI, respectively.

Materials And Methods: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of twenty-three histopathologically diagnosed UAs, 6 OKCs, 8 DCs and 10 RCs were selected from the archival specimens. Five micrometer thick sections of tissue blocks of the lesions were processed for immunohistochemical staining with Ki-67 and Bcl-2.

Management of Chondrosarcomas of the Jaws in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital.

Background: There is a dearth of literature on the diagnostic characteristics and treatment outcomes for chondrosarcomas of the jaws in our environment due to the rarity of the lesion.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to review the demographic data, presenting symptoms, location, radiographic findings, histological findings, treatment, and outcomes in chondrosarcoma of the jaws.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective medical record review was undertaken of all patients diagnosed with chondrosarcoma of the jaws at our center between 2000 and 2020.

Field evaluation of a Pan-Lassa rapid diagnostic test during the 2018 Nigerian Lassa fever outbreak.

Lassa virus (LASV) is the causative agent of Lassa fever (LF), an often-fatal hemorrhagic disease. LF is endemic in Nigeria, Sierra Leone and other West African countries. Diagnosis of LASV infection is challenged by the genetic diversity of the virus, which is greatest in Nigeria.

Morinda lucida Aqueous Stem Bark Extract Ameliorates Hepato-Renal Dysfunctions in Experimental Diabetes Model.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a leading pan-systemic endocrine disorder with attendant high morbidity and mortality owing to its deleterious effects on vital body organs caused by untreated chronic hyperglycemia, attendant oxidative stress and glycation processes. The present study is designed to investigate possible protective role and mechanism(s) of action 125-500 mg/kg/day of Morinda lucida aqueous stem bark extract (MLASE) on renal and hepatic functions in alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rats for 8 days. Forty-two alloxan-induced hyperglycemiic male Wistar rats were randomly allotted to Groups II-VI and orally treated with 10 ml/kg/day distilled water, 5 mg/kg/day glibenclamide, 125 mg/kg MLASE, 250 mg/kg MLASE, and 500 mg/kg/day MLASE, respectively.

Genomic Analysis of Lassa Virus during an Increase in Cases in Nigeria in 2018.

During 2018, an unusual increase in Lassa fever cases occurred in Nigeria, raising concern among national and international public health agencies. We analyzed 220 Lassa virus genomes from infected patients, including 129 from the 2017-2018 transmission season, to understand the viral populations underpinning the increase. A total of 14 initial genomes from 2018 samples were generated at Redeemer's University in Nigeria, and the findings were shared with the Nigerian Center for Disease Control in real time.

Examining Self-Disclosure on Social Networking Sites: A Flow Theory and Privacy Perspective.

Social media and other web 2.0 tools have provided users with the platform to interact with and also disclose personal information to not only their friends and acquaintances but also relative strangers with unprecedented ease. This has enhanced the ability of people to share more about themselves, their families, and their friends through a variety of media including text, photo, and video, thus developing and sustaining social and business relationships.

Early response to medical treatment of trigeminal neuralgia in a Nigerian population.

Background: This study evaluates the clinical profile of patients suffering from trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and correlates the findings with early response of the patients to medical treatment.

Patients And Methods: A 4-year prospective study in which patients diagnosed of TN were treated medically and followed up weekly for 8 weeks to determine early treatment outcome, in the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria.

Results: Of the 287 patients seen during the study period, a total of 14 (4.

Discovery of novel rhabdoviruses in the blood of healthy individuals from West Africa.

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has the potential to transform the discovery of viruses causing unexplained acute febrile illness (UAFI) because it does not depend on culturing the pathogen or a priori knowledge of the pathogen's nucleic acid sequence. More generally, it has the potential to elucidate the complete human virome, including viruses that cause no overt symptoms of disease, but may have unrecognized immunological or developmental consequences. We have used NGS to identify RNA viruses in the blood of 195 patients with UAFI and compared them with those found in 328 apparently healthy (i.

A clinico-pathologic review of 56 cases of ossifying fibroma of the jaws with emphasis on the histomorphologic variations.

Objective: This study aims at contributing to the definitive diagnosis of ossifying fibroma (OF) based on histomorphological features. The study also aims to determine some demographic features of OF, common sites of occurrence and to determine whether behavior correlates well with the histomorphological variations seen in the lesion.

Materials And Methods: A total of 80 patients who were diagnosed either as cementifying fibroma CF, OF and cemento-ossifying fibroma (COF) of the jaws from the files of the Oral Pathology Department of the University of the Witwatersrand Dental School were retrieved and the histology slides of each case were reviewed with the most recent diagnostic criteria for OF and the authors additional criteria.

Giant ameloblastoma mortality; a consequence of ignorance, poverty and fear.

Ameloblastoma is a benign tumour of odontogenic origin. Although locally invasive, delay in treatment can lead to severe disfiguring of the facial region. In this report, we present two cases, a man and a woman, of a large ameloblastoma that presented with the typical radiographic features of variably sized radiolucent loculations.

The role of dentists as a stop-gap in the initial management of patients with delusional halitosis.

Objective: This article proposes a 'stop-gap protocol'for the initial management of delusional halitosis, which dental practitioners can apply where a multidisciplinary team of dentists and mental health experts (psychiatrist and psychologist) cannot be assembled.

Methods: A 4-year prospective study of delusional halitosis patients managed with a 3-step 'Stop-gap protocol' is presented in this paper, to demonstrate our experience in applying the 'Stop-gap protocol'.

Results: Twenty three (23) patients diagnosed with delusional halitosis were managed with the 'Stop-gap protocol' within the study period.

Alveolar Osteitis: Patients' compliance to post-extraction instructions following extraction of molar teeth.

Background: To evaluate the effect of various combination of post-extraction regimen administered to patients who had intra-alveolar molar tooth extraction.

Patients And Methods: One year prospective study involving 76 consenting patients who came for 1-week post-extraction review. The patients were placed on warm saline mouth rinse with (verbal instruction) or without antibiotic and or analgesic therapy (written prescription), after intra-alveolar molar tooth extraction.

Prevalence of Oro-Facial Lesions in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infected Women in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital.

Background: Orofacial lesions are among the earliest clinical manifestations of HIV infections.

Objective: This study to investigate the oral lesions seen in HIV positive women with emphasis on the need for diagnosis of oral lesions by all health workers.

Method: A prospective cross-sectional study of HIV positive women attending the HIV/AIDS clinic (PEPFAR) of the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin-city, Nigeria.

Ectopic pregnancy following in vitro fertilisation and embryo transfer.

Background: ectopic pregnancy is one of the recognised complications of in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and embryo transfer.

Objective: to review cases of ectopic pregnancy following IVF at a fertility unit, with the aim of raising awareness towards its increased incidence and pattern of presentation.

Methods: case records of patients who had ectopic pregnancy following IVF over a three-year-period (July 2005-June 2008) were retrieved from the medical records department.

A clinicopathologic correlation in the diagnosis of periradicular lesions of extracted teeth.

Purpose: We aimed to determine the contributory percentage of histopathologic diagnoses of routine biopsies and to ascertain the possible indicators for histopathologic examination to confirm the clinical diagnosis of periradicular lesions of extracted teeth.

Patients And Methods: This was a prospective study carried out over a period of 8 months on patients who had single tooth extraction and routine histopathologic examination of recoverable periradicular tissues from extracted teeth.

Results: A total of 136 patients participated in this study.

Evaluation of oral and extra-oral factors predisposing to delusional halitosis.

Objective: This study evaluated the role of patients' associated oral and extra-oral factors, as well as previous dental treatment, as possible predisposing (triggering) factors in the development delusional halitosis.

Method: Forty-six patients diagnosed of delusional halitosis, over a consecutive period of 2 years (2003-2004) were selected for this study. Diagnosis was based on: use of standard halitosis questionnaire (to confirm the presence of psychological component) modified to obtain data on oral and extra-oral factors, as well as previous dental treatment linked by patients as cause of oral malodour; clinical assessment without objective evidence of oral malodour; absence of reliable third party to confirm patients' claim of oral malodour; and screening with sulphur monitor (RH-17 Series Halimeter, Interscan, Chatsworth, CA) that was within normal range (80-140ppb).