Identification of novel PfEMP1 variants containing domain cassettes 11, 15 and 8 that mediate the Plasmodium falciparum virulence-associated rosetting phenotype.

Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1) is a diverse family of variant surface antigens, encoded by var genes, that mediates binding of infected erythrocytes to human cells and plays a key role in parasite immune evasion and malaria pathology. The increased availability of parasite genome sequence data has revolutionised the study of PfEMP1 diversity across multiple P. falciparum isolates.

()--(2,6-Di-methyl-phen-yl)-1-[(2-meth-oxy-phen-yl)amino]-methanimine oxide methanol monosolvate.

In the title solvate, CHNO·CHO, the dihedral angles between the formamidine backbone and the pendant 2-meth-oxy-phenyl and 2,6-di-methyl-phenyl groups are 14.84 (11) and 81.61 (12)°, respectively.

()--(2,6-Diiso-propyl-phen-yl)-1-[(2-meth-oxyphen-yl)amino]-methanimine oxide.

The mol-ecular structure of the title compound, CHNO reveals non-co-planarity between the central formamidine backbone and each of the outer meth-oxy- and -propyl- substituted benzene rings with dihedral angles of 7.88 (15) and 81.17 (15)°, respectively, indicating significant twists in the mol-ecule.

4'-(2-Meth-oxy-phen-yl)-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine.

In the title compound, CHNO, the N atoms of the pyridine rings exhibit a typical - arrangement: the dihedral angles between the central pyridine ring and the peripheral rings are 22.24 (4) and 2.38 (4)°.

2-Amino-5-oxo-4-(thio-phen-2-yl)-5,6,7,8-tetra-hydro-4-chromene-3-carbo-nitrile.

The crystal structure of the title compound, CHNOS, reveals two symmetrically independent mol-ecules within the asymmetric unit. Each mol-ecule contains a chromenone core attached to a 2-thio-phene ring, cyano, and amino groups. The 2-thio-phene ring of one of the two mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit was found to be disordered over two positions, with the major component having a site occupancy factor of 0.

"If they take it without knowing, they will default…": perceptions of targeted information transfer to promote adherence to intermittent preventive treatment with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine for the prevention of malaria in pregnancy in western Kenya.

Background: Increasing resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) threatens the effectiveness of intermittent preventive treatment (IPTp) to prevent malaria in pregnancy. Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) is the most promising candidate to emerge from clinical trials, but requires a multi-day regimen. Despite being a single-dose regimen, coverage of IPTp-SP remains low, fuelling concerns about adherence to multi-day drug options.

Mechanical and physical characteristics of concrete mixed with sugarcane bagasse ash and recycled polyethylene terephthalate.

The goal of this study was to produce sustainable concrete by reducing reliance on cement, which contributes to high carbon footprints, and natural sand, which is being depleted. Sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) was used to partially replace cement at 5 %, 10 %, and 15 %, while recycled polyethylene terephthalate (RPET) was used to partially replace sand at 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, and 20 %. The effects of these substitutions on concrete's mechanical and physical properties were examined after 28 days of water curing.

Evaluation of the Golden Proportion, Golden Percentage, and Recurring Esthetic Dental Proportion in Kenyans of African Descent.

Objectives: To evaluate the validity of the Golden Proportion, Golden Percentage, and Recurring Esthetic Dental (RED) Proportion among Kenyans of African descent with naturally well-aligned teeth.

Materials And Methods: Standardized frontal photographic images of the smiles of 175 participants aged 18-35 years were obtained, and Adobe Photoshop was used to analyze and measure the frontal widths of the maxillary central and lateral incisors and canines in triplicate. The average teeth widths were calculated to determine the existence of the Golden Proportion, Golden Percentage, and RED Proportion, and their validity using independent sample t-tests to compare the differences in the mean teeth widths at α < 0.

Reversible host cell surface remodelling limits immune recognition and maximizes transmission of gametocytes.

Reducing malaria transmission has been a major pillar of control programmes and is considered crucial for achieving malaria elimination. Gametocytes, the transmissible forms of the parasite, arise during the blood stage of the parasite and develop through 5 morphologically distinct stages. Immature gametocytes (stage I-IV) sequester and develop in the extravascular niche of the bone marrow and possibly spleen.

Disaster Plant Pathology: Smart Solutions for Threats to Global Plant Health from Natural and Human-Driven Disasters.

Disaster plant pathology addresses how natural and human-driven disasters impact plant diseases and the requirements for smart management solutions. Local to global drivers of plant disease change in response to disasters, often creating environments more conducive to plant disease. Most disasters have indirect effects on plant health through factors such as disrupted supply chains and damaged infrastructure.

Empowerment Transformation Training Reduces Rape Among Girls and Young Women in South Sudan and the Kakuma Refugee Camp.

Purpose: Rape occurs at high rates in South Sudan and Kakuma refugee camps, a region characterized by armed conflict, gender inequity, and economic crisis. To date, we know little about how to prevent rape in this region of the world. As such, the purpose of this study was to examine outcomes of Empowerment Transformation Training (ETT) (an adapted empowerment self-defense program; empowerment self-defense) among female participants in South Sudan and the Kakuma refugee camp.

The link between relative stability constant of DNA- and BSA-chromenopyrimidine complexes and cytotoxicity towards human breast cancer cells (MCF-7).

In this study, we synthesized and characterized ten chromenopyrimidine derivatives using analytical and spectroscopic methods. Studies on DNA and albumin binding affinity, as well as cytotoxicity tests on human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells, of the chromenopyrimidines, were conducted. The natural logarithm of the relative stability constant of DNA- and BSA-chromenopyrimidine complexes [ln(/)] was used as a criterion for selecting compounds for cytotoxicity studies.

Ring-opening polymerization of lactides and ε-caprolactone catalyzed by Zn(II) aryl carboxylate complexes supported by 4-pyridinyl schiff base ligands.

Synthesis and catalytic studies of aryl carboxylate Zn (II) complexes is reported. Reaction of substituted ()--phenyl-1-(pyridin-4-yl)methanimine with a methanolic solution of Zn(CHCOO) and substituted aryl carboxylate co-ligands gave heteroleptic Zn(II) complexes; [Zn(CHCOO)()] (), [Zn(CHCOO)()] (), [Zn (4-F-CHCOO)()] (), [Zn(CHCOO)()] (), [Zn(CHCOO)()] (), [Zn (4-F-CHCOO)()] (), [Zn(CHCOO)()] (), [Zn(CHCOO)()] (), [Zn (4-F-CHCOO)()] (). The molecular structures of complexes and are dinuclear with the zinc atom in complex adopting a distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry in a bi-metallacycle while complex is square pyramidal where all four benzoate ligands bridge the zinc metals in a paddle wheel arrangement.

In Their Own Words: Sexual Assault Resistance Strategies Among Kenyan Adolescent Girls Following Participation in an Empowerment Self-Defense Program.

The purpose of this study was to examine, via testimonial data, resistance strategies used to thwart a sexual assault among slum-dwelling Kenyan adolescent girls (  =  678) following their participation in an empowerment self-defense program (). The majority (58.2%) of perpetrators were strangers; there were no differences in resistance strategies used between strangers versus known perpetrators (83.

Ligand-Guided Investigation of a Series of Formamidine-Based Thiuram Disulfides as Potential Dual-Inhibitors of COX-1and COX-2.

A series of thiuram disulfides 1-6 which had been previously synthesized and characterized, were studied for their potential therapeutic properties. Target-fishing analyses through HitPick and SwissTarget prediction identified COX1 and COX2, which are essential biomolecules in cancer-related inflammations, as the possible targets for compounds 1 and 4 among all the compounds tested. These two proteins have enjoyed interest as targets for treating some neoplastic cancer types such as breast, colorectal, skin, pancreatic, haematological and head cancers.

Silver(I) pyridinyl complexes with benzothiazole, thiophene, and furan moieties: DNA/protein-binding, antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer studies.

We have synthesized and characterized nine Ag(I) complexes of Schiff bases containing thiophene, furan, and pyridine moieties for in vitro antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer activities, and DNA/bovine serum albumin (BSA) binding studies. Based on the analytical and spectral analyses, a linear geometry was proposed for all the Ag(I) complexes, except for one (with the furan moiety), which formed a distorted T-shaped geometry. UV-vis absorption studies on the interactions of calf thymus-DNA (CT-DNA) with the nine Ag(I) complexes pointed to an intercalative binding mode.

Formamidine-Based Thiuram Disulfides as Efficient Inhibitors of Acid Corrosion of Mild Steel: Electrochemical, Surface, and Density Functional Theory/Monte Carlo Simulation Studies.

Electrochemical, surface, and density functional theory (DFT)/Monte Carlo (MC) simulation studies were used in investigating the characteristics of ,'-(disulfanne-1,2-dicarbonothioyl)bis(,'-bis(2,6-dimethylphenyl)formimidamide) (), ,'-(disulfanne-1,2-dicarbonothioyl)bis(,'-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)formimidamide) (), ,'-(disulfanne-1,2-dicarbonothioyl)bis(,'-dimesitylformimidamide) (), and ,'-(disulfanne-1,2-dicarbonothioyl)bis(,'-bis(2,6-dichlorophenyl)formimidamide) () as inhibitors of acid corrosion of mild steel. The inhibitors were found to effectively reduce the rates of steel dissolution at the anode as well as cathodic hydrogen evolution. The order of inhibition efficiencies of studied compounds is (PDP/LPR/EIS: 98.

ESTABLISHMENT OF REGIONAL DIAGNOSTIC REFERENCE LEVELS IN ADULT COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY FOR FOUR AFRICAN COUNTRIES: A PRELIMINARY SURVEY.

This preliminary study aims towards the establishment of regional diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for routine adult computed tomography (CT) examinations. The study was performed on 54 CT facilities from four African countries (Ghana, Kenya, Namibia and Senegal) and the results compared with international DRLs. Data were collected from facilities using a structured questionnaire provided by the International Atomic Energy Agency.

Prevention of violence against women and girls: A cost-effectiveness study across 6 low- and middle-income countries.

Background: Violence against women and girls (VAWG) is a human rights violation with social, economic, and health consequences for survivors, perpetrators, and society. Robust evidence on economic, social, and health impact, plus the cost of delivery of VAWG prevention, is critical to making the case for investment, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where health sector resources are highly constrained. We report on the costs and health impact of VAWG prevention in 6 countries.

A study of structure-activity relationship and anion-controlled quinolinyl Ag(I) complexes as antimicrobial and antioxidant agents as well as their interaction with macromolecules.

In this communication, we feature the synthesis and in-depth characterization of a series of silver(I) complexes obtained from the complexation of quinolin-4-yl Schiff base ligands ((E)-2-((quinolin-4-ylmethylene)amino)phenol L, 2-(quinolin-4-yl)benzo[d]thiazole L, (E)-N-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-(quinolin-4-yl)methanimine L, (E)-N-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(quinolin-4-yl)methanimine L, (E)-1-(quinolin-4-yl)-N-(p-tolyl)methanimine L, (E)-1-(quinolin-4-yl)-N-(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)methanimine L) and three different silver(I) anions (nitrate, perchlorate and triflate). Structurally, the complexes adopted different coordination geometries, which included distorted linear or distorted tetrahedral geometry. The complexes were evaluated in vitro for their potential antibacterial and antioxidant activities.

Characterization of Naturally Acquired Immunity to a Panel of Antigens Expressed in Mature Gametocytes.

Introduction: Naturally acquired immune responses against antigens expressed on the surface of mature gametocytes develop in individuals living in malaria-endemic areas. Evidence suggests that such anti-gametocyte immunity can block the development of the parasite in the mosquito, thus playing a role in interrupting transmission. A better comprehension of naturally acquired immunity to these gametocyte antigens can aid the development of transmission-blocking vaccines and improve our understanding of the human infectious reservoir.

Copper(II)-N-hydroxy-N,N'-diarylformamidine complexes: Synthesis, crystal structures, antibacterial and molecular docking studies.

A series of Cu(II) complexes were synthesized by using N-hydroxy-N,N'-diarylformamidine ligands: N-hydroxy-N,N'-(phenyl)formamidine (L1), N-hydroxy-N'-(4-methylphenyl)formamidine (L2), N-hydroxy-N,N'-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)formamidine (L3), N-hydroxy-N,N'-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)formamidine (L4). Reaction of ligands L1-L4 with hydrated copper acetate furnished mononuclear Cu(II) complexes 1-4 with general formula [Cu-(L)]. The molecular structures of complexes 3 and 4, as determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction, showed both to have square planar geometry with a near C symmetry.