Effects of Age, Gender and Hemispheric Location on T2 Hypointensity in the Pulvinar at 3T.

Pulvinar signal intensity decrease on T2-weighted images has been reported in some neurological abnormalities. We aimed to define the normal T2 signal hypointensity pattern present in the pulvinar to avoid erroneous radiological interpretation. One hundred and forty-two subjects (54 men and 88 women; age range 9-91 years) with unremarkable brain 3T MR findings were enrolled.

Anatomical patterns and correlated MRI findings of non-perinatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy.

Non-perinatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) has varying anatomical patterns dependent on the type of insult, the degree and duration of cerebral hypoxia, or presence and degree of hypoperfusion. Profound insults can affect the entire cerebral cortex or just the perirolandic cortex, the cerebellum and the deep grey matter structures. Less severe insults may affect only the watershed regions.

Incidence, radiographical features, and proposed mechanism for pneumocephalus from intravenous injection of air.

Background: Pneumocephalus typically implies a traumatic breach in the meningeal layer or an intracranial gas-producing infection. Unexplained pneumocephalus on a head computed tomography (CT) in an emergency setting often compels emergency physicians to undertake aggressive evaluation and consultation.

Methods: In this paper, we report three cases of pneumocephalus that appear to result from retrograde injection of air through an intravenous (IV) catheter.

Spontaneous thrombosis of congenital cerebral arteriovenous malformation complicated by subdural collection: in utero detection with disappearance in infancy.

We report a case of congenital left temporal lobe arteriovenous malformation (AVM) detected by cranial ultrasound in utero and confirmed immediately after birth by cranial Doppler ultrasound and cranial MRI. The AVM disappeared on follow-up cranial MRI 4 months later. A small left frontal subdural collection was present on these follow-up MR images, which subsequently resolved by the 7 month MRI study.

Long survival following bacterial meningitis-associated brain destruction.

This report describes the brain autopsy of a boy who at age 4(1/2) years experienced an episode of fulminant Haemophilus influenzae type b bacterial meningitis, resulting in massive brain destruction and the clinical signs of brain death. However, medical intervention maintained him for an additional two decades. Subsequent autopsy revealed a calcified intracranial spherical structure weighing 750 g and consisting of a calcified shell containing grumous material and cystic spaces with no recognizable neural elements grossly or microscopically.

MR angiographic demonstration of bilateral duplication of the extracranial vertebral artery: unusual course and review of the literature.

Duplication of the vertebral artery is a rare developmental anomaly. Duplication and fenestration are terms often used incorrectly and interchangeably in the literature. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to describe bilateral duplication of the extracranial vertebral artery.

Cerebellar hypoperfusion in infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy.

An identical abnormal pattern was detected by means of (99m)Tc-hexamethyl-propyleneamine-oxime single-photon emission computed tomography in two siblings with infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy. The markedly decreased cerebellar perfusion, along with the early motor symptoms, characteristic magnetic resonance imaging and pathologic findings, points to a preferential cerebellar involvement in this disease. A relative increase in the perfusion to the basal ganglia correlated with the magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities, highly resembling that of Hallervorden-Spatz disease in one of the males, at this site.

Late epileptic seizures after cerebral infarction.

Objectives: To determine the profile of late epileptic seizures following cerebral infarcts and the predictive clinical and radiological factors associated with their development.

Methods: We compared 86 patients who developed late seizures after cerebral infarction with 285 similar patients who did not develop seizures for at least 1 year after their stroke. Patients who had seizures only at the onset of the stroke were excluded.

CT and MRI features of cavernous haemangioma of internal auditory canal.

A left internal auditory canal (IAC) cavernous haemangioma is reported in a 45-year-old Saudi male. The lesion was associated with rapidly deteriorating hearing loss and facial nerve dysfunction. CT showed a calcified enhanced IAC lesion while T1 weighted MRI showed an isointense contrast enhancing lesion bulging into the porus acousticus.

Computed tomographic evaluation of gastric emphysema--a report of three cases.

We present three patients, one male and two females, who had gastric emphysema demonstrated by computed tomography (CT) by chance. All patients had adenocarcinoma of the gastric antrum resulting in gastric outlet obstruction. We have classified these as the obstructive type of gastric emphysema.

Primary sclerosing cholangitis in Arab children: report of four cases and literature review.

Background: The prevalence of primary sclerosing cholangitis, a rare progressive liver disorder, is increasing with the advent of endoscopic retrograde cholangiography in the investigation of children with obscure liver disease. The etiology of primary sclerosing cholangitis is not known, clinical presentation is variable, treatment is only of limited success and long-term studies on prognosis in children are incomplete. Primary sclerosing cholangitis has not been described in Arab children.

Leuko-araiosis and stroke: a case-control study.

Objective: Association of leuko-araiosis (LA) with certain risk factors has been reported in Western patients. This is a case-control study to determine the risk factors and the type of stroke associated with LA in Saudi patients.

Design And Setting: 398 consecutive Saudi patients with the diagnosis of stroke admitted over a 6-year period were evaluated for presence or absence of LA on cranial computed tomography.

Non-traumatic cerebral hemorrhage in Saudi Arabs: a hospital-based study of 243 cases.

This is a retrospective study involving 243 Saudi Arabs with non-traumatic cerebral hemorrhages confirmed by CT scan. Intracerebral hemorrhages accounted for about 20% of all strokes in this population. THe male to female ratio was 2.

Radiology in the neonatal intensive care unit: dose reduction and image quality.

This paper describes a prospective study of the diagnostic radiation doses received in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for a representative radiological technique used at our institution for a number of years and a "low dose" technique similar to that recommended by the Commission of the European Communities (CEC). A 400 speed film-screen combination was used in both techniques. A total of 363 anteroposterior (AP) chest and abdominal films of 77 neonates were accrued.

Computed tomographic brain scan findings in Saudi epileptic patients.

Computed tomographic (CT) brain scan was performed on 142 consecutive epileptic patients of Saudi Arab extraction without clinical features of acute illness or a progressive neurological disorder at presentation. CT brain scan was normal in 56 patients (39%). CT scan was abnormal in 57 (73%) of 78 patients over 20 years of age compared with 29 (45%) of 64 younger patients (x2 = 11.

Bone changes in sickle cell anaemia.

Analysis of available radiographs of the skeletal system in 50 patients suffering from sickle cell anaemia in the Assir Region (South Western height and valley) of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia taken over a three year period showed a wide spectrum of bone changes. Both infarctions and medullary hyperplasia were common, producing the usual previously reported changes. Spinal changes, mostly osteoporosis and vertebral end plate depression were more prominent in the younger age group.

Hydatid disease of the liver: evaluation of ultrasound and computed tomography.

We have evaluated computed tomography (CT) and ultrasonography (US) in 41 patients with hepatic hydatid disease. CT was diagnostic in all patients, while US performed on 36 patients was diagnostic in 34. In the remaining two cases, heavy calcification in one and a large amount of intracavitary air in the other prevented accurate diagnosis.

Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma within a choledochal cyst.

The authors describe a 6-year-old girl in whom they found an embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in a choledochal cyst; they found no previous reports of such an association. The patient presented with recurrent jaundice and loss of weight and appetite. A large abdominal mass was palpable.

Clinical and radiological features of chondroectodermal dysplasia.

This report documents the presence of chondroectodermal dysplasia in southwestern Saudi Arabia by describing the clinical and radiological features in three patients from two families. Mesomelic dwarfism, characteristic orodental manifestations, small thorax, nail hypoplasia and polydactyly of the hands were seen in all cases. Two patients had atrial septal defect; the third patient, who died, had an undefined cardiac anomaly with congestive heart failure.