The significance of PCSK-9's level and polymorphism in premature coronary artery disease: Relation to risk and severity.

Background: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK-9) is a circulating protein that plays an important role in lipid metabolism and is linked to inflammation, which has implications for atherosclerosis and its severe cardiac effects. We studied the potential association of the PCSK-9 gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), Oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1- (OLR-1), and caspase-3 serum levels with the risk and severity of premature coronary artery disease (PCAD). The potential contribution of PCSK-9 serum level to the severity of PCAD patients was also assessed.

Copeptin, miRNA-208, and miRNA-499 as New Biomarkers for Early Detection of Acute Coronary Syndrome.

cTn and CK-MB are gold standard biomarkers for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) but are less sensitive in the first 3 h after onset of symptoms. A need thus exists for novel biomarkers for early detection of ACS. We evaluated circulating copeptin, miRNA-208, and miRNA-499 as possible biomarkers for early detection of unstable angina (UA) and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).