The lasting influence of parenting intervention on child behavior: findings from a randomized clinical trial using care for child development guidelines.

Background: Studies have investigated the role of different parenting intervention programs in the early development of children. Here we aimed to determine the long-term efficacy of Care for Child Development (CCD) guideline interventions on behavioral dimensions of children's development.

Methods: This randomized clinical trial took place at an outpatient public Pediatrics clinic in Isfahan, Iran from February 2020 to May 2024.

Prophylactic Cyproheptadine to Control Paroxysmal Hemicrania Attacks: A Preliminary Investigation.

Background: Paroxysmal hemicrania (PH) is a severe short-lasting headache usually localized around the eye. It might occur in conjunction with ipsilateral autonomic manifestations of trigeminal nerve stimulation. PH responds well to indomethacin treatment; however, considering the adverse effects of indomethacin, its long-term use is a matter of question and investigations about other prophylactic medications are going on, but they are inconclusive.

Efficacy and Safety of Topical Timolol for the Treatment of Facial Angiofibroma in Children with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of topical timolol in treating facial angiofibromas (FAs) in pediatric patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC).

Methods: A prospective clinical trial was conducted involving 15 children diagnosed with TSC and presenting with FAs. The participants were administered topical timolol gel 0.

Efficacy of Lacosamide Add-on Therapy on Refractory Focal Epilepsies in Children and Adolescents: An Open-Label Clinical Trial.

Objective: Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that affects 0.5%-1% of children. 30%-40% of patients are resistant to current anti-epileptic drugs.

The First Report of Iranian Registry of Patients with Spinal Muscular Atrophy.

Background: Insufficient amounts of survival motor neuron protein is leading to one of the most disabling neuromuscular diseases, spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Before the current study, the detailed characteristics of Iranian patients with SMA had not been determined.

Objective: To describe the key demographic, clinical, and genetic characteristics of patients with SMA registered in the Iranian Registry of SMA (IRSMA).

Effect of parenting intervention through "Care for Child Development Guideline" on early child development and behaviors: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Several studies showed that parenting intervention programs play a core component in early child development. Considering the limited healthcare resources in developing countries, group-session intervention based on care for child development (CCD) guideline might be cost-effective.

Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted at an outpatient public Pediatrics clinic in Isfahan, Iran.

The Effect of Low-Grade Intraventricular Hemorrhage on the Neurodevelopment of Very Low Birth Weight Infants.

Objective: Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a significant concern for premature very low birth weight (VLBW) neonates worldwide. Recently, the popular theory of the benign nature of low-grade IVH has been argued with uncertain outcomes. This study aimed to assess the effect of low-grade IVH on the neurodevelopment of VLBW neonates.

A recurrent homozygous missense DPM3 variant leads to muscle and brain disease.

Biallelic pathogenic variants in the genes encoding the dolichol-phosphate mannose synthase subunits (DPM) which produce mannosyl donors for glycosylphosphatidylinositols, N-glycan and protein O- and C-mannosylation, are rare causes of congenital disorders of glycosylation. Pathogenic variants in DPM1 and DPM2 are associated with muscle-eye-brain (MEB) disease, whereas DPM3 variants have mostly been reported in patients with isolated muscle disease-dystroglycanopathy. Thus far, only one affected individual with compound heterozygous DPM3 variants presenting with myopathy, mild intellectual disability, seizures, and nonspecific white matter abnormalities (WMA) around the lateral ventricles has been described.

A Comparative Study on the Efficacy of Coenzyme Q10 and Amitriptyline in the Prophylactic Treatment of Migraine Headaches in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Migraine, one of the most common headaches in children, has a significant impact on children and their family's quality of life (QoL). There are two approaches for controlling migraine headaches preventative and controlling acute attacks. Several drugs have been used for this purpose, and tricyclic antidepressants were at the top.

The Comparison of Levetiracetam and Piracetam Effectiveness on Breath-Holding Spells in Children: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Background: We aimed to compare the effectiveness of Levetiracetam and Piracetam on the severity and frequency of spells in children with severe breath-holding spells (BHS), i.e. bening, paroxysmal, and nonepileptic events that are common in early childhood.

Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children With COVID-19.

Background: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) involves multiple organs and shows increased inflammatory markers. Since the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, several studies have reported the association between severe COVID-19 and MIS-C. Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) presents with thunderclap headaches and multifocal reversible vasoconstriction on imaging.

A meta-analysis on the effect of telemedicine on the management of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents.

Introduction: This study aims to report the effect sizes of telemedicine treatments on the symptom domains of paediatric ADHD.

Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, electronic databases, i.e.

Longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis as a sign of multisystem inflammatory syndrome following COVID-19 infection: A pediatric case report.

COVID-19 infection can cause inflammatory reactions that could involve several organs. In the pediatric population, Multi-System Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) has been reported as one of the consequences of COVID-19. We report a unique pediatric COVID-19 patient with MIS-C, associated with paralysis of the extremities.

L-carnitine versus Propranolol for pediatric migraine prophylaxis.

Objective: Carnitine plays a significant role in fatty acid transportation in mitochondria and has been shown to have a prophylactic effect on adult migraine. The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to compare and evaluate the effects of L-carnitine supplementation versus propranolol in the prevention of pediatric migraine.

Materials & Methods: A total of 60 pediatric patients with episodic migraine were randomly allocated to 2 independent groups to receive either 50 mg/kg/day L-carnitine or 1 mg/kg/day propranolol as a prophylactic drug.

Homozygous TFG gene variants expanding the mutational and clinical spectrum of hereditary spastic paraplegia 57 and a review of literature.

In recent years, the tropomyosin-receptor kinase fused gene (TFG) has been linked to diverse hereditary neurodegenerative disorders, including a very rare complex hereditary spastic paraplegia, named spastic paraplegia type 57 (SPG57). Until now, four pathogenic homozygous variants of the TFG gene have been reported associated with SPG57. Two consanguineous Iranian families (1 and 2), the first one with two affected members and the second one with one, all with an early-onset progressive muscle weakness, spasticity, and several neurological symptoms were examined via the whole-exome sequencing.

Identification of a Missense Variant in the EIF2B3 Gene Causing Vanishing White Matter Disease with Antenatal-Onset but Mild Symptoms and Long-Term Survival.

Vanishing white matter disease (VWM) is a rare autosomal recessive leukodystrophy caused by a mutation in any of the five gene encoding subunits of the translation initiation factors eIF2B1 to eIF2B5. Whole-exome sequencing was performed on a 7-year-old boy with prenatal symptoms, including intrauterine-growth retardation, decreased movements, and oligohydramnios as well as mild intellectual disability, optic atrophy, macrocephaly, mild ataxia, and white matter lesions after birth. Analysis of WES data revealed a homozygous missense variant, c.

Comparison of the Efficacy of Buspirone and Placebo in Childhood Functional Abdominal Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Introduction: Pharmacological interventions have not been successful in the treatment of childhood functional abdominal pain (FAP) hitherto. Buspirone is suggested to be efficacious in some of the abdominal pain-related functional gastrointestinal disorders based on evidences from the studies on adults. We aim to investigate the efficacy of buspirone on childhood FAP.

Efficacy of Levetiracetam in Treatment of Childhood Stuttering.

Background: Stuttering is a kind of speech disorder that affects about 1% of total population. As the origin of this disorder is not obviously diagnosed yet, various remedies have been practiced and among them different medicines have been studied, but unfortunately no significant effective drugs have been recognized yet. As stuttering imposes a great social and mental costs to the patients and their families, finding an effective medicine will help significantly.

Effect of Baby Walker Use on Developmental Status based on Ages and Stages Questionnaire Score (ASQ).

Objectives: Baby walker is a popular device, which parents use for entertainment, keeping infants safe and walking promotion. We aimed to determine whether baby walker usage has any effect on the development using Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ).

Materials & Methods: We evaluated 107 one-yr-old infants in each baby walker user group and non-users (214 participants) using ASQ test of 12-month in Isfahan health centers for vaccination in 2017.

Clinical Feature and Genetics in Rett Syndrome: A Report on Iranian Patients.

Objectives: Rett syndrome is characterized by normal development for the first 6-18 months of life followed by the loss of fine and gross motor skills and the ability to engage in social interaction. In most patients, mutations are found in methyl CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2) gene. We investigated the relation between Rett clinical diagnosis and mutations in MECP2.

Oral Diazepam in Febrile Seizures Following Acellular Pertussis Vaccination.

Background: Febrile seizure is the most common type of seizures among children, which is a terrible and frightening experience for parents who are concerned about its recurrence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of diazepam on preventing the recurrence of febrile seizure following acellular pertussis vaccination.

Materials And Methods: In this clinical trial, 121 children with a history of febrile seizure that required the pertussis vaccination were enrolled and divided into two groups; the first group was treated with oral diazepam for 48 h after vaccine injection and the control group received antipyretics only if fever occurred after the vaccination and used rectal diazepam for controlling seizure if a seizure occurred.

Short-Term Side Effects of Low Dose Valproate Monotherapy in Epileptic Children: A Prospective Study.

Objectives: Considering the common use of valproate among children, we investigated the short-term side-effects of low dose valproate monotherapy in epileptic children.

Materials & Methods: In this prospective study, 209 epileptic children (48.3% male, mean age: 7.

Comparison of the Efficacy of Amitriptyline and Topiramate in Prophylaxis of Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome.

Objectives: Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder with no certain treatment. We aimed to compare the efficacy of amitriptyline and topiramate on prophylactic therapy of CVS.

Materials & Methods: This randomized clinical trial (registration number: IRCT2015102316844N2) was conducted during 2016 in Isfahan, central Iran.

Clinical Features and Outcome of Guillain-Barré Syndrome in Children.

Objective: There are no reports about the clinical presentations and outcome of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) in our region, therefore, we aimed to report some mentioned findings in children diagnosed with GBS in Isfahan, central Iran.

Materials & Methods: In this retrospective study, pediatric diagnosed with GBS referred to Imam Hossein Hospital, the Pediatric Referral Center of Isfahan Province, central Iran were enrolled from 2011-2014. The following data were extracted from the medical files of patients; age, gender, early signs and symptoms of GBS, neurological features, sensory and motor and autonomic involvements, sphincter dysfunction, bulbar muscle involvement, respiratory failure, cranial nerve paralysis, delay time from onset to definite diagnosis and management of GBS and the outcome.