Illusory intuitions: Challenging the claim of non-exclusivity.

A person who arrives at correct solutions via false premises is right and wrong simultaneously. Similarly, a person who generates "logical intuitions" through superficial heuristics can likewise be right and wrong at the same time. However, heuristics aren't guaranteed to deliver the logical solution, so the claim that system 1 can routinely produce the alleged system 2 response is unfounded.

TAK-676: A Novel Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) Agonist Promoting Durable IFN-dependent Antitumor Immunity in Preclinical Studies.

Unlabelled: Oncology therapies targeting the immune system have improved patient outcomes across a wide range of tumor types, but resistance due to an inadequate T-cell response in a suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) remains a significant problem. New therapies that activate an innate immune response and relieve this suppression may be beneficial to overcome this hurdle. TAK-676 is a synthetic novel stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist designed for intravenous administration.

Illusory intuitive inferences: Matching heuristics explain logical intuitions.

The capacity to evaluate logical arguments intuitively is a fundamental assumption of recent dual-process theories. One observation supporting this effect is the standard conflict effect on incongruent arguments under belief instruction. Conflict arguments are evaluated less accurately than non-conflict arguments, arguably because logic is intuitive and automatic enough to interfere with belief judgments.

Situational factors shape moral judgements in the trolley dilemma in Eastern, Southern and Western countries in a culturally diverse sample.

The study of moral judgements often centres on moral dilemmas in which options consistent with deontological perspectives (that is, emphasizing rules, individual rights and duties) are in conflict with options consistent with utilitarian judgements (that is, following the greater good based on consequences). Greene et al. (2009) showed that psychological and situational factors (for example, the intent of the agent or the presence of physical contact between the agent and the victim) can play an important role in moral dilemma judgements (for example, the trolley problem).

Logical intuition is not really about logic.

Recent research suggests that reasoners are able to draw simple logical or probabilistic inferences relatively intuitively and automatically, a capacity that has been termed "logical intuition" (see, e.g., De Neys & Pennycook, 2019).

The bright homunculus in our head: Individual differences in intuitive sensitivity to logical validity.

Classic dual process theories of human reasoning attribute explicit reasoning to effortful, deliberative thinking. According to these models, intuitive processes lack any access to the formal rules of logic and probability and hence rely exclusively on superficial problem features to determine a response. However, in recent years, researchers have demonstrated that reasoners are able to solve simple logical or probabilistic problems relatively automatically, a capability which has been called "logical intuition.

Nanoliposome targeting in breast cancer is influenced by the tumor microenvironment.

MM-302 is an anti-HER2 antibody-targeted pegylated liposomal doxorubicin designed to deliver doxorubicin specifically to HER2-expressing solid tumors. The delivery and activity of MM-302 were evaluated in orthotopic, transgenic, and intravenous breast cancer models expressing varying levels of HER2 that metastasize to some of the most common sites of dissemination for breast cancer, namely, lung, liver, and brain. Metastatic burden was quantified by gross evaluation, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and bioluminescent imaging.

A high precision method for length-based separation of carbon nanotubes using bio-conjugation, SDS-PAGE and silver staining.

Parametric separation of carbon nanotubes, especially based on their length is a challenge for a number of nano-tech researchers. We demonstrate a method to combine bio-conjugation, SDS-PAGE, and silver staining in order to separate carbon nanotubes on the basis of length. Egg-white lysozyme, conjugated covalently onto the single-walled carbon nanotubes surfaces using carbodiimide method.

Deriving a cardiac ageing signature to reveal MMP-9-dependent inflammatory signalling in senescence.

Aims: Cardiac ageing involves the progressive development of cardiac fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction coordinated by MMP-9. Here, we report a cardiac ageing signature that encompasses macrophage pro-inflammatory signalling in the left ventricle (LV) and distinguishes biological from chronological ageing.

Methods And Results: Young (6-9 months), middle-aged (12-15 months), old (18-24 months), and senescent (26-34 months) mice of both C57BL/6J wild type (WT) and MMP-9 null were evaluated.

Aliskiren and valsartan mediate left ventricular remodeling post-myocardial infarction in mice through MMP-9 effects.

We evaluated whether aliskiren, valsartan, or a combination of both was protective following myocardial infarction (MI) through effects on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9. C57BL/6J wild type (WT, n=94) and MMP-9 null (null, n=85) mice were divided into 4 groups at 3h post-MI: saline (S), aliskiren (A; 50mg/kg/day), valsartan (V; 40mg/kg/day), or A+V and compared to no MI controls at 28days post-MI. All groups had similar infarct areas, and survival rates were higher in the null mice.

Using systems biology approaches to understand cardiac inflammation and extracellular matrix remodeling in the setting of myocardial infarction.

Inflammation and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling are important components regulating the response of the left ventricle to myocardial infarction (MI). Significant cellular- and molecular-level contributors can be identified by analyzing data acquired through high-throughput genomic and proteomic technologies that provide expression levels for thousands of genes and proteins. Large-scale data provide both temporal and spatial information that need to be analyzed and interpreted using systems biology approaches in order to integrate this information into dynamic models that predict and explain mechanisms of cardiac healing post-MI.

Reduced BDNF attenuates inflammation and angiogenesis to improve survival and cardiac function following myocardial infarction in mice.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) increases in failing hearts, but BDNF roles in cardiac remodeling following myocardial infarction (MI) are unclear. Male BDNF(+/+) [wild-type (WT)] and BDNF(+/-) heterozygous (HET) mice at 6-9 mo of age were subjected to MI and evaluated at days 1, 3, 5, 7, or 28 post-MI. At day 28 post-MI, 76% of HET versus 40% of WT survived, whereas fractional shortening improved and neovascularization levels were reduced in the HET (all, P < 0.

Bayesian parameter estimation for nonlinear modelling of biological pathways.

Background: The availability of temporal measurements on biological experiments has significantly promoted research areas in systems biology. To gain insight into the interaction and regulation of biological systems, mathematical frameworks such as ordinary differential equations have been widely applied to model biological pathways and interpret the temporal data. Hill equations are the preferred formats to represent the reaction rate in differential equation frameworks, due to their simple structures and their capabilities for easy fitting to saturated experimental measurements.

Relationship of growth parameters and nutrients uptake with canola (Brassica napus L.) yield and yield contribution at different nutrients availability.

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different nutrients on canola (Brassica napus L.) growth parameters, nutrient uptake and ultimately on seed yield. For this purpose a split plot experimental design, with 10 treatments in 4 replications was carried out in 2004-2005, in silt-clay soil at Baiecola Agricultural Research Station, Mazandaran Iran.