Manufacturing, Processing, and Characterization of Self-Expanding Metallic Stents: A Comprehensive Review.

This paper aims to review the State of the Art in metal self-expanding stents made from nitinol (NiTi), showing shape memory and superelastic behaviors, to identify the challenges and the opportunities for improving patient outcomes. A significant contribution of this paper is its extensive coverage of multidisciplinary aspects, including design, simulation, materials development, manufacturing, bio/hemocompatibility, biomechanics, biomimicry, patency, and testing methodologies. Additionally, the paper offers in-depth insights into the latest practices and emerging trends, with a special emphasis on the transformative potential of additive manufacturing techniques in the development of metal stents.

A comparison of machine learning methods for recovering noisy and missing 4D flow MRI data.

Experimental blood flow measurement techniques are invaluable for a better understanding of cardiovascular disease formation, progression, and treatment. One of the emerging methods is time-resolved three-dimensional phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (4D flow MRI), which enables noninvasive time-dependent velocity measurements within large vessels. However, several limitations hinder the usability of 4D flow MRI and other experimental methods for quantitative hemodynamics analysis.

Development of idealized human aortic models for and hemodynamic studies.

Background: The aorta, a central component of the cardiovascular system, plays a pivotal role in ensuring blood circulation. Despite its importance, there is a notable lack of idealized models for experimental and computational studies.

Objective: This study aims to develop computer-aided design (CAD) models for the idealized human aorta, intended for studying hemodynamics or solid mechanics in both and settings.

Biology and Hemodynamics of Aneurysm Rupture.

Predicting rupture risk in intracranial aneurysms is among one of the most critical questions in vascular surgery. The processes that govern an aneurysm growth are multifaceted and complex, but may be summarized into three components: hemodynamics, biology, and mechanics. We review and connect the literature in the three disciplines, identifying considerable strides in recent history and current gaps in research.

Flow residence time in intracranial aneurysms evaluated by in vitro 4D flow MRI.

The process of an intracranial aneurysm development, growth, and rupture is multifaceted and complex. In addition, clinical observations have identified the potential of thrombus formation within such aneurysms. While the underlying mechanism is not fully understood, the thrombi represent a potential risk factor for ischemic stroke.

Particle Distribution in Embolotherapy, How Do They Get There? A Critical Review of the Factors Affecting Arterial Distribution of Embolic Particles.

Embolization has tremendously evolved in recent years and has expanded to treatment of a variety of pathologic processes. There has been emerging evidence that the level of arterial occlusion and the distribution of embolic particles may play an important role in the clinical outcome. This is a comprehensive literature review to identify variables that play important role in determination of level of occlusion of blood vessels and distribution of embolic particles.

A Multi-Disciplinary Review on the Aerobiology of COVID-19 in Dental Settings.

The COVID-19 pandemic pushed dental health officials around the world to reassess and adjust their existing healthcare practices. As studies on controlled COVID-19 transmission remain challenging, this review focuses on particles that can carry the virus and relevant approaches to mitigate the risk of pathogen transmission in dental offices. This review gives an overview of particles generated in clinical settings and how size influences their distribution, concentration, and generation route.

Conceptual Framework Development for a Double-Walled Aortic Stent-Graft to Manage Blood Pressure.

A double-walled stent-graft (DWSG) design with a compressible gas layer was conceived with the goal of treating hypertension in patients receiving an aortic stent-graft. Early prototypes were developed to evaluate the design concept through static measurements from a finite element (FE) model and quasi-static inflation experiments, and through dynamic measurements from an in vitro flow loop and the three-element Windkessel model. The amount of gas in the gas layer and the properties of the flexible inner wall were the primary variables evaluated in this study.

In Vitro Study of Particle Transport in Successively Bifurcating Vessels.

To reach a predictive understanding of how particles travel through bifurcating vessels is of paramount importance in many biomedical settings, including embolization, thromboembolism, and drug delivery. Here we utilize an in vitro model in which solid particles are injected through a rigid vessel that symmetrically bifurcates in successive branching generations. The geometric proportion and fluid dynamics parameters are relevant to the liver embolization.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Based Flow Field and Lagrangian Particle Tracking From a Left Ventricular Assist Device.

This study explores the optimal left ventricular assist device (LVAD) cannula outflow configuration in a patient-specific replica of the aorta. The volumetric velocity field is measured using phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) under a physiologically relevant steady flow. The effect of the LVAD outflow graft insertion site and anastomosis angle on the transport of embolic particles to cranial vessels is studied by solving the particle equation of motion for spheres in the range of 0.

Hemodynamics in a giant intracranial aneurysm characterized by in vitro 4D flow MRI.

Experimental and computational data suggest that hemodynamics play a critical role in the development, growth, and rupture of cerebral aneurysms. The flow structure, especially in aneurysms with a large sac, is highly complex and three-dimensional. Therefore, volumetric and time-resolved measurements of the flow properties are crucial to fully characterize the hemodynamics.

Lipoprotein transport in the blood stream to the arterial wall in a carotid artery bifurcation.

The carotid arteries are a common site of atherosclerotic plaque formation, which has been linked to the blood flow patterns and the mass transport phenomenon. The purpose of this research was to study the lipid transport in a human carotid artery model, focusing on the effects of local geometric and hemodynamic factors on mass transfer from blood flow to vessel wall and its concentration at the luminal surface of the artery. The Reynolds number, 250, and the Schmidt number, 6.