Anti-herpetic tau preserves neurons via the cGAS-STING-TBK1 pathway in Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis relies on the presence of extracellular β-amyloid (Aβ) and intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau (p-tau). Emerging evidence suggests a potential link between AD pathologies and infectious agents, with herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) being a leading candidate. Our investigation, using metagenomics, mass spectrometry, western blotting, and decrowding expansion pathology, detects HSV-1-associated proteins in human brain samples.

Immunorecognition of Streptococcus mutans secreted proteins protects against caries by limiting tooth adhesion.

Introduction: Childhood caries, a prevalent chronic disease, affects 60-90 % of children in industrialized regions, leading to lesions in both primary and permanent teeth. This condition precipitates hospital admissions, emergency room visits, elevated treatment costs, and missed school days, thereby impeding the child's academic engagement and increasing the likelihood of caries into adulthood. Despite multiple identified risk factors, significant interpersonal variability remains unexplained.

Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of oral masticatory and lining mucosa-derived mesenchymal stromal cells.

Aim: To reveal the heterogeneity of ex vivo-cultured human mesenchymal stromal cells derived from either masticatory or lining oral mucosa.

Materials And Methods: Cells were retrieved from the lamina propria of the hard palate and alveolar mucosa of three individuals. The analysis of transcriptomic-level differences was accomplished using single-cell RNA sequencing.

The Hidden Secrets of the Dental Calculus: Calibration of a Mass Spectrometry Protocol for Dental Calculus Protein Analysis.

Dental calculus is a solid deposit that forms and accumulates on the tooth surface, entrapping oral microorganisms, biomolecules, and other micro-debris found in the oral cavity. A mass spectrometry analysis of its protein content opens a vista into the subject's diet, oral flora, and even some aspects of health, thus providing new insight and expanding our knowledge of archaic cultures. Multiple experimental protocols have been proposed for the optimal extraction of proteins from dental calculus.

The effect of Hericium erinaceum on the prevention of chemically induced experimental colitis in rats.

Background/aims: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the Hericium erinaceum on an experimental colitis model.

Methods: Twenty-four Wistar albino were included in this study. Rats were divided into three groups.

Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide and glycated serum albumin increase the production of several pro-inflammatory molecules in human gingival fibroblasts via NFκB.

Objective: Diabetes increases the incidence/severity of periodontal diseases by inducing a chronic inflammation, driven by accumulation of AGEs (advanced glycation end products). We tested whether glycated human serum albumin (G-HSA, a form of AGE), representing a diabetic state, augments the pro-inflammatory response of human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) to a bacterial challenge (Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)).

Methods: Primary hGFs were incubated with LPS (0.

Accelerated degradation of collagen membranes in type 1 diabetic rats is associated with increased expression and production of several inflammatory molecules.

Background: Membrane durability is critical for regenerative procedures. We reported previously that type 1-like diabetes in rats accelerates the degradation of collagen membranes and we tested here whether this is associated with increased local production of inflammatory molecules as part of a diabetes-induced chronic inflammation around and within the membranes.

Methods: Collagen membrane discs were implanted under the scalp in diabetic (streptozotocin-induced) and control rats, which were sacrificed after 2 or 3 weeks.

The breast lesion excision system procedure: An optimal solution for the management of indeterminate BI-RADS category 3 breast lesions in women with severe anxiety.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of the Breast lesion excision system (BLES) procedure as a primary excisional biopsy for the management of breast imaging-reporting and data system (BI-RADS) category 3, small, and solid breast lesions in women having severe breast cancer anxiety.

Methods: A retospective study was conducted on 68 patients who underwent a BLES procedure. The study protocol was approved by the local ethical committee of Yeni Yuzyıl University in Istanbul, Turkey.

Diagnosis of Nipple Discharge: Value of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Ultrasonography in Comparison with Ductoscopy.

Background: Pathologic nipple discharge, which is a common reason for referral to the breast imaging service, refers to spontaneous or bloody nipple discharge that arises from a single duct. The most common cause of nipple discharge is benign breast lesions, such as solitary intraductal papilloma and papillomatosis. Nevertheless, in rare cases, a malignant cause of nipple discharge can be found.

Diagnostic and therapeutic value of ductoscopy in nipple discharge and intraductal proliferations compared with standard methods.

Background: Fiberoptic ductoscopy is a practical and direct approach that allows the visualization of intraductal breast disease. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of ductoscopy in the diagnosis and management of intraductal lesions.

Methods: Data on 357 ductoscopic investigations from patients with nipple discharge were collected prospectively.

Tc-99m radio-guided completion thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate whether or not radio-guided surgery has any beneficial effects on completion thyroidectomy (CT) and the associated complication rates.

Patients And Methods: Twenty-seven patients were scheduled for CT, for thyroid carcinoma, from December 2004 to June 2005, and were included in the study. All the patients had had initial thyroid surgery in other centers and been referred to our clinic for CT.

The efficacy of (99m)Tc-MIBI scintimammography in the evaluation of breast lesions and axillary involvement: a comparison with X-rays mammography, ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging.

This study was performed because the efficacy of technetium-99m methoxyisobutyl isonitrile scintimammography ((99m)Tc-MIBI-SM) in the evaluation of the breast lesions and axillary lymph node involvement in comparison with X-rays mammography (XRM), ultrasonography (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has not been fully investigated. Forty six female patients were included in this study, with suspicious lesions detected in their breasts by palpation, by imaging modalities or clinically. All patients underwent (99m)Tc-MIBI-SM, US and MRI for the evaluation of breast lesions.

Ductoscopy in the evaluation and management of nipple discharge.

Background: Nipple discharge is a relatively common complaint among patients visiting specialized outpatient clinics for disease of the breast. With advancing technology, it became possible to diagnose and manage nipple discharge using minimally invasive procedures. The aim of this study is to report our experience with ductoscopic evaluation of patients with nipple discharge.

Gamma probe (99m)Tc-pertechnetate assisted completion thyroidectomy vs conventional thyroidectomy in differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

Patients undergoing partial thyroidectomy for benign diseases may need re-operation if differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is detected on histopathology. The aim of this study was to determine if using gamma probe during the above surgery in a procedure called: gamma probe completion thyroidectomy (GPCT) could support the diagnosis of DTC tissue and offer an advantage in the surgical treatment of DTC patients. We have studied 100 patients who after bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy for benign disease in several hospitals, were found to have DTC histopathologically and referred to our clinic for subsequent re-operation.

Diagnostic problems with parasitic and non-parasitic splenic cysts.

Background: The splenic cysts constitute a very rare clinical entity. They may occur secondary to trauma or even being more seldom due to parasitic infestations, mainly caused by ecchinocccus granulosus. Literature lacks a defined concencus including the treatment plans and follow up strategies, nor long term results of the patients.

Systemic inflammatory response after Kugel versus laparoscopic groin hernia repair: a prospective randomized trial.

Background: Kugel repair, a minimally invasive technique, has become an alternative to laparoscopic groin hernia repair, but the technique has not been adequately evaluated by assessment of objective parameters. A prospective randomized clinical study was carried out to compare the systemic inflammatory response to surgical trauma and clinical outcomes in patients who underwent groin hernia repair by the Kugel and totally extraperitoneal (TEP) laparoscopic methods.

Methods: Forty consecutive patients admitted for unilateral groin hernia were randomized to Kugel (n = 20) or TEP (n = 20) repair under general anesthesia.

Scarless endoscopic papillomectomy of the breast.

Background: Efforts have been made to improve minimally invasive breast surgery techniques, resulting in less tissue damage and much better cosmetic results. We evaluated the therapeutic value of a new scarless operation, endoscopic papillomectomy (EP), in patients with pathologic nipple discharge (PND).

Methods: Breast ductoscopy was performed on 126 women with PND.

H pylori: Treatment for the patient only or the whole family?

Aim: To compare the effects of treatment of H pylori-infected individuals with the effects of treatment of individuals as well as all H pylori-infected family members.

Methods: H pylori-positive patients with similar demographic specifications were prospectively randomized with respect to treatment, with a triple regimen of either patients and all H pylori-positive family members living togetherI (group I) or patients only (group II). Nine months after treatment, all patients were assessed for H pylori positivity.

Laparoscopic splenectomy and LigaSure.

Laparoscopic splenectomy (LS) is a preferred choice, especially for hematologic diseases. We present the advantages of the use of LigaSure (energy-based equipment that works by applying a precise amount of bipolar energy and pressure to the tissue, achieving a permanent seal) for achieving a precise hemostasis, thus making the LS easier. We have performed LS using LigaSure on 10 patients (4 female, 6 male; mean age, 36 years [range, 16-58]) between December 2002 and August 2003.