Comparative Analysis of Atherogenic Lipoproteins L5 and Lp(a) in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease.

Purpose Of Review: Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) poses a risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). As LDL comprises various subtypes differing in charge, density, and size, understanding their specific impact on ASCVD is crucial. Two highly atherogenic LDL subtypes-electronegative LDL (L5) and Lp(a)-induce vascular cell apoptosis and atherosclerotic changes independent of plasma cholesterol levels, and their mechanisms warrant further investigation.

The potential pathophysiological role of altered lipid metabolism and electronegative low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular diseases.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an umbrella term for a range of conditions caused by a build-up of fat in the liver. It is usually seen in people who are overweight or obese. Increasingly common around the world, this disease is the most common chronic liver disease in the United States, affecting about a quarter of the population.

Accuracy and uniformity of the nomenclature of biogenic amines and polyamines in metabolomics studies: A preliminary study.

Metabolomics is one of the newest areas in biochemistry dedicated to investigating small biomolecules in biofluids, tissues, and cells. Cutting edge instruments used in metabolomics studies make it possible to identify thousands of biomolecules and determine their interactions with biological networks. This tremendous area has increased the significance of accurate chemical nomenclature of compounds.

Why are cardiovascular diseases more common among patients with severe mental illness? The potential involvement of electronegative low-density lipoprotein (LDL) L5.

Despite tremendous efforts of experimental and clinical studies and knowledge, the pathophysiology of severe mental illness (SMI), including bipolar disorder (BD), unipolar depression (mood disorders, MD), and schizophrenia (SCZ), remains poorly understood. Besides their chronic course and high prevalence in society, mental and somatic comorbidities are really serious problems; patients with these disorders have increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) diseases (CVD) including coronary artery diseases (CAD, i.e.

The role of electronegative low-density lipoprotein in cardiovascular diseases and its therapeutic implications.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a health problem of great concern to both the public and medical authorities. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) has been reported to play an important role in both the development and progression of CVD, but studies are underway to determine how LDL exerts its effects. In recent years, it has been found that LDL has several subfractions, each of which affects endothelial function differently; L5, the most electronegative fraction, has been shown to be unique in that it induces an atherogenic response.

Update on ADAMTS13 and VWF in cardiovascular and hematological disorders.

Endothelial cells (EC) respond to injury by releasing numerous factors, including von Willebrand factor (VWF). High circulating levels of unusually large VWF multimers (UL-VWFM) have strong procoagulant activity and facilitate platelet adhesion and aggregation by interacting with platelets after an acute event superimposed on peripheral arterial disease and coronary artery disease. ADAMTS13-a disintegrin-like metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif type 1 member 13-regulates a key physiological process of coagulation in the circulation by cleaving VWF multimers into small, inactive fragments.

Pathophysiological Function of ADAMTS Enzymes on Molecular Mechanism of Alzheimer's Disease.

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an environment that has various enzymes attended in regeneration and restoration processes which is very important to sustain physiological and biological functions of central nervous system (CNS). One of the participating enzyme systems in ECM turnover is matrix metalloproteinases. A disintegrin-like and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motifs (ADAMTS) is a unique family of ECM proteases found in mammals.

The Role of ADAMTS1 and Versican in Human Myocardial Infarction: A Postmortem Study.

Objective: To determine the role of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif (ADAMTS1) and fragmented versican in the myocardial infarction (MI) process in humans and to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of ADAMTS1 for postmortem diagnosis of MI.

Methods: Thirty autopsied individuals were allocated into 2 groups, namely, a study group of individuals who died of myocardial infarction (n = 20), and a control group who died of trauma (n = 10). We performed standard immunohistochemical staining on myocardial tissue specimens, studying anti-ADAMTS1, anti-versican, and anti-versican C terminal peptide sequence (DPEAAE) fragments.

Possible role of antioxidants and nitric oxide inhibitors against carbon monoxide poisoning: Having a clear conscience because of their potential benefits.

Carbon monoxide poisoning is one of the important emergency situations manifested by primarily acute and chronic anoxic central nervous system (CNS) injuries and other organ damages. Current descriptions and therapeutic approaches have been focused on the anoxic pathophysiology. However, this point of view incompletely explains some of the outcomes and needs to be investigated extensively.

Is Serum Caveolin-1 a Useful Biomarker for Progression in Patients with Colorectal Cancer?

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer diagnosed in males and the second in females. Survival is strongly related to stage at diagnosis. There is an urgent need to find a noninvasive biomarker that can be commonly applied for screening diagnosis, early detection of recurrence, and monitoring of metastatic CRC.

Can propolis and caffeic acid phenethyl ester be promising agents against cyclophosphamide toxicity?

Propolis is a mixture having hundreds of polyphenols including caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE). They have been using in several medical conditions/diseases in both in vitro and in vivo experimental setup. Cyclophosphamide (CP) has been used to treat a broad of malignancies including Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Ewing's sarcoma, breast cancer, testicular cancer, etc.

Melatonin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester in the regulation of mitochondrial function and apoptosis: The basis for future medical approaches.

The aim of this review article is to summarize and compare the effects of melatonin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on the relationship between mitochondrial functioning and apoptosis. References in this article were selected with an approach based on a comprehensive literature review by using MEDLINE/PubMed and Google Scholar databases which were scanned in the last six months without any restrictions. For each database, the review terms used are 'melatonin', 'caffeic acid phenethyl ester, both together and associated with other key words such as apoptosis and mitochondria.

Antiviral properties of caffeic acid phenethyl ester and its potential application.

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is found in a variety of plants and well-known the active ingredient of the honeybee propolis. CAPE showed anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, antimitogenic, antiviral, and immunomodulatory properties in several studies. The beneficial effects of CAPE on different health issues attracted scientists to make more studies on CAPE.

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester as a remedial agent for reproductive functions and oxidative stress-based pathologies of gonads.

In recent years, the studies on the roles of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) in several disease models and cell cultures are tremendously growing. It is such a great molecule that was used by ancient times to ameliorate some diseases and nowadays, it is used by modern medicine to test the effectiveness. In this mini-review article, the protection capability of CAPE, as a liposoluble antioxidant and a potent nuclear factor kappa B inhibitor, on oxidative and non-oxidative ovary, and testis damages has been summarized.