[Activity of enzymes of glutamate, energy and glutathione metabolism in the first juvenile depression with attenuated symptoms of schizophrenia].

Objective: To reveal clinical and biological correlations in patients with attenuated symptoms of schizophrenia in the first juvenile depression, namely, the correlation between SOPS and HDRS-21 scores and the levels of activities of glutathione, glutamate and energy metabolism enzymes in the blood of patients.

Material And Methods: The study included 81 young men, aged 16-25 years, with the first depressive episode (ICD-10 items F32.1, F32.

Links of platelet glutamate and glutathione metabolism with attenuated positive and negative symptoms in depressed patients at clinical high risk for psychosis.

Aim of the study is to reveal clinical and biological correlations in patients with adolescent depression and attenuated psychotic symptoms. Activity of platelet enzymes involved in glutamate-, glutathione- and energy metabolism was evaluated in control group and in the patients, because these systems are suspected as related to pathogenesis of psychosis. Adolescents (78 men, 16-25 years old) hospitalized with the first acute depressive state composed two groups: with prevalence of attenuated psychotic positive or negative symptoms (Gr1 and Gr2, 48 and 30 patients, respectively).

[The activity of enzymes of glutathione metabolism in blood cells of patients with a high risk of manifestation of endogenous psychoses and patients with the first psychotic episode].

Aim: To assess the activity of glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in blood cells of patients at clinical high-risk (HR) state for psychosis, in first-episode patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder (SD), and control group, and to seek correlations of these biochemical parameters with clinical assessments in patients.

Material And Methods: The study included male patients at HR (n=21, 16-25 years old), first-episode patients with schizophrenia (F20, n=14, 18-25 years old) and SD (F25, n=20, 16-25 years old), and 12 people of the control group (19-25 years old). Psychometric scales (SOPS, HDRS, and PANSS) and psychopathological methods were employed.

[Glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase in blood cells in schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disorders].

Aim: To compare glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) enzymatic activities in blood cells (erythrocytes and platelets) of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders and in the control group and to search for correlations of these biochemical parameters with clinical psychiatric assessments of the patient.

Material And Methods: The study included patients (97 men) with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders) in an acute state of exacerbation of psychotic symptoms and 33 men without mental pathology. Symptom severity was measured with the PANSS before and after antipsychotic therapy.

[A differential approach to the improvement of prevention and correction of neuroleptic side extrapyramidal disorders with pantogam activ in patients with schizophrenia].

Aim: To assess the efficacy and safety of pantogam active (PA) in prevention and correction of neurological side-effects during the course neuroleptic treatment of acute endogenous psychoses.

Material And Methods: Eighty schizophrenic patients (mean age 33 years) with acute psychosis were examined. All patients received 28-day course treatment with typical and atypical neuroleptics.

MRI Study for the Features of Brain Conduction Pathways in Patients with an Ultra-High Risk of Endogenous Psychoses.

Diffusion parameters of brain tracts (n=18) were studied in 27 men with ultra-high risk of endogenous attack-like psychoses and 27 mentally healthy men of the same age group (fractional anisotropy; and average, radial, and axial diffusion). Correlation analysis was performed between these parameters and severity of mental disorders (SOPS scale). The indexes of radial diffusion and axial diffusion were shown to change in the left anterior thalamic radiation and right posterior cingulum bundle, respectively.

[Cognitive insight and dynamics of indicators of ultra-high risk for schizophrenia in young patients with non-psychotic forms of mental disorders].

Aim: To determine characteristics of cognitive insight and its relationship with the severity and dynamics of symptoms in patients with ultra-high risk for schizophrenia during treatment.

Material And Methods: The study included 76 young patients with subpsychotic symptoms corresponding to criteria of ultra-high risk for psychosis and 55 healthy subjects. Patients were examined using psychopathological analysis and a battery of psychological tests.

[The dynamics of psychopathological symptoms of ultra high risk for psychosis in young patients with non-psychotic mental disorders].

Objective: Based on the results of 5-year follow-up study, to describe the dynamics of psychopathological symptoms in young patients with non-psychotic forms of mental diseases met the criteria of ultra-high risk for schizophrenia who received preventive psychopharmacotherapy.

Material And Methods: The study included 32 young men, aged 16--25 years, presented with the symptoms of ultra-high risk of schizophrenia during the first hospitalization in 2009--2011. Follow-up was carried out in 2014--2015 (mean follow-up 5.

[Risk of manifestation of endogenous psychosis in patients with nonpsychotic mental disorders of juvenile age].

Objective: To identify people at high risk of endogenous psychosis in patients of juvenile age with nonpsychotic mental disorders.

Material And Methods: Authors examine 49 patients of juvenile age with symptoms of nonpsychotic mental disorders (ICD-10 diagnoses of mood disorder, personality disorder or schizotypal disorder).

Results: In all cases, symptoms related to signs of the premorbid stage of endogenous psychosis (schizophrenia and schizoaffective psychosis) were identified.

[Features of the immune system and the risk of endogenous psychosis at juvenile age].

Objective: To study an immunological profile at prodromal and manifesting stages of endogenous juvenile psychosis.

Methods: Authors studied 77 patients, aged from 16 to 25 years. Patients were stratified into 2 groups.

[The role of transforming growth factor-β in the pathogenesis of mitral valve prolapse].

Changes in activity of the components of TGF-β signaling pathway is associated with inherited disorders of connective tissue such as Marfan syndrome, Loeys-Dietz syndrome, etc. However, its impact on mitral valve prolapse (MVP) has not been completely studied. We examined 35 patients undergoing reconstructive surgery due MVP complicated by severe mitral insufficiency (mean age 62.

[Glutamine synthetase-like protein, glutamate dehydrogenase, and cytochrome c-oxidase in platelets of patients with the first episode psychosis in the course of treatment].

The authors searched for correlations between amounts of platelet proteins and results of psychometric tests in patients with the first episode psychosis (schizophrenia, schizoaffective psychosis) in the course of their combined antipsychotic treatment with haloperidol and clozapine. Psychometric evaluations (PANSS, BPRS) and analyses of platelet enzymes - glutamine synthetase-like protein (GSLP), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), and cytochrome c-oxidase (COX) - were carried out before, during, and after the treatment. These proteins were also analyzed in matched controls.

[The state of the immune system in endogenous mental diseases with pronounced affective disorders].

Parameters of innate and adaptive immunity were studied in the blood serum of 180 patients, aged 15-25 years, with different endogenous mental diseases with depressive and mania disorders in the clinical picture (affective psychoses (29 patients), schizoaffective psychoses (106 patients) , slow-progressive schizophrenia (23 patients) and intermittent-progressive schizophrenia (22 patients)). The activation of innate immunity (the increase in the degranulation activity of leukocyte elastase (LE) and functional activity of alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor (α1-PI) were found in all the diseases. The increase in disease severity (from affective disorders to intermittent-progressive schizophrenia) was correlated with the significant elevation of LE activity.

Dynamics of cognitive anomalies in patients with first episodes of juvenile endogenous psychosis.

The therapeutic dynamics of neuropsychological and neurophysiological markers of impairments to cognitive functions were studied in groups of patients with first episodes of juvenile endogenous psychosis (90 patients). At the initial stage of remission, subjects were found to show improvements in processes associated with voluntary regulation of cognitive functions (due to the activity of extensive networks of cortical and subcortical structures), while more automatic processes (associated mainly with the temporal areas of the brain) remained abnormal. Changes in neurocognitive anomalies during the onset of remission were also identified in groups of patients in whom episodes had different syndromal structures - catatonic, hallucinatory-delusional, and affective-delusional.

[The dynamics of neurocognitive functions in patients with the first psychotic episode of endogenous psychosis manifested in the juvenile age].

The dynamics of neuropsychological and neurophysiological markers of cognitive functions was analyzed in the groups of the first-episode young male patients. Totally 90 patients have been studied. At the early stage of remission, the improvement of the processes associated with voluntary regulation of cognition caused by the activity of the wide circuit of cortical and subcortical structures was found.

[Neurophysiological abnormalities in the P300 paradigm as endophenotypes of schizophrenia].

The aim of the study was to discriminate the auditory event-related potentials (ERP) abnormalities in the P300 paradigm as the possible neurophysiological endophenotypes (pathogenetic predisposition markers) of schizophrenia. Deviations of the parameters of different waves of auditory ERP were determined in a sample of patients as compared to the controls, the influence of patient's clinical state (measured by PANSS) upon ERP abnormalities was studied. The comparison of neurophysiological characteristics was carried out also in mentally healthy parents from the families with so-called "sporadic" cases of schizophrenia and in parents from the families, in which the other spouse was either affected with mental disorder or had relatives with schizophrenia.

[Propagation of toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins in various grains].

The frequency of occurrence and toxigenicity of various strains of Aspergillus flavus (663 stairs) and of Fusarium spp. (459 strains) isolated from grain of various crops from four grain-producing areas were studied. The analysis of mycotoxins in 1038 grain samples (wheat, rye, rice and corn) and in 58 samples of sun flower seeds collected from commercial batches showed that aflatoxins B1 and G1, deoxynivalenol, and zearalenone are the basic microbial contaminants of grain, while toxin T-2 and diacetoxyscirpenol were found much more rarely.