The Self-Testing AfRica (STAR) Initiative: accelerating global access and scale-up of HIV self-testing.

Introduction: HIV self-testing (HIVST) was first proposed as an additional option to standard HIV testing services in the 1980s. By 2015, two years after the first HIVST kit was approved for the American market and the year in which Unitaid invested in the "HIV Self-Testing AfRica (STAR) Initiative," HIVST remained unexplored with negligible access in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). However, rapid progress had been made.

Rapid diagnostic tests compared with malaria microscopy for guiding outpatient treatment of febrile illness in Tanzania: randomised trial.

Objective: To compare rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for malaria with routine microscopy in guiding treatment decisions for febrile patients.

Design: Randomised trial.

Setting: Outpatient departments in northeast Tanzania at varying levels of malaria transmission.

The contribution of microscopy to targeting antimalarial treatment in a low transmission area of Tanzania.

Background: There is a need for improved targeting of antimalarial treatment if artemisinin combination therapy is to be successfully introduced in Africa. This study aimed to explore why malaria slides are requested and how their results guide treatment decisions in an area of low transmission of P. falciparum.

Overdiagnosis of malaria in patients with severe febrile illness in Tanzania: a prospective study.

Objective: To study the diagnosis and outcomes in people admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of severe malaria in areas with differing intensities of malaria transmission.

Design: Prospective observational study of children and adults over the course a year.

Setting: 10 hospitals in north east Tanzania.