Improved Generalizability in Medical Computer Vision: Hyperbolic Deep Learning in Multi-Modality Neuroimaging.

Deep learning has shown significant value in automating radiological diagnostics but can be limited by a lack of generalizability to external datasets. Leveraging the geometric principles of non-Euclidean space, certain geometric deep learning approaches may offer an alternative means of improving model generalizability. This study investigates the potential advantages of hyperbolic convolutional neural networks (HCNNs) over traditional convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in neuroimaging tasks.

A multicenter study of clinical outcomes and volumetric trends in suspected microprolactinomas.

The diagnosis of pituitary microprolactinomas is often obscured by relatively low levels of elevated prolactin compared to macroprolactinomas. This may lead to varying patterns of medical therapy versus observation. We sought to correlate prolactin levels in suspected microprolactinomas with tumor volumes and clinical outcomes.

Dural Venous Sinus Thrombosis After Vestibular Schwannoma Surgery: Should We Anticoagulate?

Background: The incidence of dural venous sinus thrombosis (DVST) following vestibular schwannoma (VS) surgery remains understudied. The diverse clinical presentation complicates forming anticoagulation treatment guidelines. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the incidence of DVST post-VS surgery and to evaluate the role of anticoagulation.

Association Between Radiological Severity of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis and Spinopelvic Parameters in Adult Patients With Achondroplasia.

Background And Objectives: Adults with achondroplasia are more vulnerable to suffer from neurogenic claudication because of a congenital narrow spinal canal, which makes them susceptible to lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). The study aims to investigate the correlations between sagittal alignment parameters and the degree of LSS in patients with achondroplasia with LSS.

Methods: The radiological data of adult achondroplasts presented to the neurosurgical clinic of our medical center from 2019 to 2022 were collected.

Effect of NFX-179 MEK inhibitor on cutaneous neurofibromas in persons with neurofibromatosis type 1.

This phase 2a trial investigated the efficacy of NFX-179 Topical Gel, a metabolically labile MEK inhibitor, in the treatment of cutaneous neurofibromas (cNFs) in neurofibromatosis type 1. Forty-eight participants were randomized to four treatment arms: NFX-179 Topical Gel 0.05%, 0.

Sagittal balance parameters in achondroplasia.

Introduction: Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is the main problem for adult achondroplasia (Ach). Sagittal imbalance of the spine may play a role in LSS causing neurogenic claudication in Ach patients.

Research Question: The purpose of this study is to describe the sagittal balance parameters in Ach patients.

Protein folding stress potentiates NLRP1 and CARD8 inflammasome activation.

NLRP1 and CARD8 are related pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) that detect intracellular danger signals and form inflammasomes. Both undergo autoproteolysis, generating N-terminal (NT) and C-terminal (CT) fragments. The proteasome-mediated degradation of the NT releases the CT from autoinhibition, but the stimuli that trigger NT degradation have not been fully elucidated.

The NLRP1 and CARD8 inflammasomes detect reductive stress.

The danger signals that activate the related nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat pyrin domain-containing 1 (NLRP1) and caspase activation and recruitment domain-containing 8 (CARD8) inflammasomes have not been fully established. We recently reported that the oxidized form of TRX1 binds to NLRP1 and represses inflammasome activation. These findings suggested that intracellular reductive stress, which would reduce oxidized TRX1 and thereby abrogate the NLRP1-TRX1 interaction, is an NLRP1 inflammasome-activating danger signal.

Financial Health Literacy and the Shared Decision-Making Process in Healthcare.

Patient-centered care is the delivery of care that is unique to each patient, individualized to their needs, and established through a shared patient-clinician decision-making process [...

Cigarette Smoking and Incident Stroke in Blacks of the Jackson Heart Study.

Background Blacks are disproportionately affected by stroke compared with whites; however, less is known about the relationship between stroke and cigarette smoking in blacks. Therefore, we evaluated the relationship between cigarette smoking and all incident stroke in the JHS (Jackson Heart Study). Methods and Results JHS participants without a history of stroke (n=4410) were classified by self-reported baseline smoking status into current, past (smoked at least 400 cigarettes/life), or never smokers at baseline (2000-2004).

Relationship between participants' level of education and engagement in their completion of the Understanding Dementia Massive Open Online Course.

Background: The completion rates for Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) generally are low (5-10%) and have been reported to favour participants with higher (typically tertiary-level) education. Despite these factors, the flexible learning offered by a MOOC has the potential to provide an accessible educational environment for a broad spectrum of participants. In this regard, the Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre has developed a MOOC on dementia that is evidence-based and intended to address this emerging major global public health issue by providing educational resources to a broad range of caregivers, people with dementia, and health care professionals.

Simultaneous aortic reconstruction and bilateral renal revascularization. Is this a safe and effective procedure?

Between 1982 and 1987, 32 patients with severe aortorenal atherosclerosis had simultaneous aortic and bilateral renal revascularization. All patients were hypertensive. Eighteen patients (56%) had renal insufficiency with a mean serum creatinine (SC) of 2.

Distal bypass for limb salvage in very elderly patients.

During the last 3 1/2 years, 40 bypasses to a tibial or peroneal artery (distal bypass) were performed for severe leg ischemia in 34 patients who were 80 years of age or older (range, 80-91; mean, 85). The operative mortality rate was 5 per cent. Cumulative life-table limb salvage rates for the 40 extremities were 91 per cent at 1 year and 81 per cent at 3 years.

The use of intraperitoneal xenon for early diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia.

We evaluated the technique of intraperitoneal use of xenon Xe 133, previously described for the diagnosis of early intestinal strangulation obstruction in rats and dogs, for the recognition of acute mesenteric vascular occlusion in these animals. 133Xe was injected intraperitoneally into five groups of six rats: control, sham operation, superior mesenteric artery (SMA) ligation, superior mesenteric vein ligation, and portal vein ligation. Residual gamma-activity was monitored by external counting and camera imaging.

Use of a temporary shunt for renal transplant protection during aortic aneurysm repair.

Broader indications for renal transplantation and improved allograft survival suggest that aortic aneurysms will be encountered more commonly in kidney transplant recipients. This report describes the use of a temporary heparin-bonded shunt placed from the proximal abdominal aorta to the femoral artery for perfusion of a renal allograft during simultaneous repair of an aortic aneurysm and correction of transplant renal artery stenosis. Renal function was satisfactorily maintained intraoperatively and has continued to be excellent during 2 1/2 years of follow-up.

Long-term results of aortoiliac angioplasty.

Results of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of 141 iliac arteries in 112 patients are reported, with a follow-up period extending to 36 months. Initial technical success was achieved in 95.7%, 1-year patency in 91.

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty as an adjunct to the surgical management of peripheral vascular disease.

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) was performed as an adjunct to an operation in 43 patients with peripheral arterial insufficiency. This represents 26% of patients undergoing PTA over the past 44 months. In 23 patients PTA was done in conjunction with planned vascular reconstruction.

Hemodynamic assessment of transluminal angioplasty for lower extremity ischemia.

Seventy-two patients underwent hemodynamic testing before and after treatment for occlusive disease of their lower extremities. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) was used to treat lesions in 26 iliac segments and produced 23 initially improved ankle or upper thigh indices, two hemodynamic failures, and one technical failure; PTA for 54 femoropopliteal lesions produced initial hemodynamic improvement in 41 cases, three hemodynamic failures, and ten technical failures. Hemodynamic follow-up of the iliac segments showed improvement in 25 (92%) as measured by the systolic pressure index of the ankle; follow-up of the femoropopliteal segments showed continued patency of 41 (65.

Secondary aortoenteric fistula. A 20 year experience.

During a 20 year period at the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, 17 patients were operated on for secondary aortoenteric fistula. The interval from initial operation to the onset of symptoms varied greatly and averaged 2.8 years.

Correlation of foot arterial anatomy with early tibial bypass patency.

The detailed arterial anatomy of the foot in severe limb ischemia is not well known. This study was undertaken to define foot arterial anatomy and correlate these findings with the early results (6 months) of femoral-distal bypass. After completion of the bypass, operative arteriography was performed by direct injection of contrast media into the graft.

The multiple sequential distal bypass graft: improving nature's alternatives.

Sequential femoral-distal bypass grafts were employed to revascularize 21 ischemic limbs. An end-to-side distal anastomosis plus an additional side-to-side anastomosis to an isolated popliteal segment or an additional distal tibial vessel were employed. If one graft that underwent successful early revision is included, the initial patency rate was 100%.