[Nephrocalcinosis associated with the use of anabolic steroid].

Unlabelled: The anabolic steroid have been used as a therapeutic tool in various clinical conditions. However, indiscriminate use associated with other nutritional supplements has generated serious adverse effects.

Case Report: Male, 21 years old, admitted with nausea, fatigue, appetite loss, headache and hypertension.

Cutaneous manifestations in end-stage renal disease.

The prevalence of chronic kidney disease has increased over the last years. The effects of this disease are complex and may lead to dysfunction of multiple organs, including the skin, with most patients presenting with at least one dermatologic alteration. Sometimes these symptoms can be the first clear sign of kidney disease.

Subclinical encephalopathy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background: Clinical and experimental evidence suggests that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with a variety of mental symptoms that range from cognitive slowing to mental confusion and dementia.

Purpose: To test the hypothesis that COPD leads to cognitive impairment in the absence of acute confusion or dementia.

Method: The global cognitive status of 30 patients with COPD without dementia or acute confusion and 34 controls was assessed with a Brazilian version of the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE).

[Cognitive and psychomotor slowing in chronic hemodialysis patients].

Background: The diagnosis of "subclinical uremic encephalopathy" may need the administration of sensitive tests.

Purpose: To test the hypotheses that (1) patients on chronic hemodialysis (CHD) fare worse than normal controls on a brief performance battery, (2) one extra-day of uremia further jeopardizes the neuropsychological performance of CHD patients, and (3) uremia impairs improvement on a second testing session.

Method: The cognitive and motor agility of 28 patients on CHD were assessed with the Trails A and B, Digit Symbol, and Stroop tests.

Familial aggregation of end-stage kidney disease in Brazil.

Background/aims: Familial aggregation of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) has been reported in several studies, most of them carried out in USA. It is uncertain to what extent these findings can be generalized to other populations. The objective of this study was to assess whether familial aggregation of ESKD occurs in Brazil and whether it is influenced by race.