Comparison of Hearing Outcomes in Tympanoplasty With and Without Ossiculoplasty: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objectives To examine the ability of the Middle Ear Risk Index (MERI) score components in order to predict postoperative air-bone gap (ABG) and success rate in patients who underwent tympanoplasty. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted at King Hamad University Hospital between May 2017 and February 2021. A total of 79 patients were divided into two groups: 42 patients (53.

Case series: Using laryngeal mask airway to enhance the radiological evaluation and staging of cancers involving the larynx: A novel technique.

The diagnosis and staging of head and neck tumors requires proper clinical, endoscopic, and radiological evaluation. Currently, imaging techniques such as Magnetic Resonance Imagining (MRI) and Computed Tomography (CT) are used for head and neck tumors but are limited in showing involvement of different hypopharyngeal sub-compartments. Several maneuvers have been developed to improve visualization of the head and neck area; however, they demonstrated minimal benefit.

Novel insights into gut health: Cilostazol strengthens gut integrity by adjusting TLR-2/NF-κB/IL-23 and CD44/AKT/GSK-3β/cyclin-D1 trajectories in methotrexate-induced mucositis model.

Methotrexate (MTX)-induced gastrointestinal mucositis is a common adverse effect characterized by redox imbalance and overproduction of inflammatory mediators that perturb intestinal integrity. Currently, there is no definitive treatment for this condition and its prevention is still far beyond comprehension. Because of its pleiotropic pharmacological actions, we aimed to explore the potential mechanisms through which cilostazol (CILO) can protect against MTX-induced intestinal mucositis.

Outcomes of Central Neck Dissection for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma in Primary Versus Revision Setting.

Introduction: Surgery in the central compartment after previous thyroidectomy involves an increased risk of injury to critical organs, including the parathyroids and recurrent laryngeal nerve. Contrastingly, primary central neck dissection involves a relatively low operative risk.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the outcomes of central neck dissection in primary versus revision settings with respect to the lymph node yield and complication rates.

Bilateral congenital choanal atresia in a preterm neonate - a rare neonatal emergency: A case report and review of literature.

Congenital choanal atresia results from the developmental failure of the nasal cavity to connect posteriorly with the nasopharynx. Although congenital choanal atresia is a well-recognized developmental disorder, it is an uncommon condition with an overall incidence of approximately 1 per 10,000 live births. The authors aim to highlight that in very preterm neonates, early diagnosis of bilateral congenital choanal atresia needs a high index of suspicion to avoid life-threatening events.

Skull Base Osteomyelitis With Bilateral Acute Otitis Media.

Skull base osteomyelitis is an inflammatory process that usually occurs secondary to necrotizing otitis externa or chronic mastoid infections. The involvement of the external auditory canal is typical of this condition and aids in its diagnosis. The treatment of skull base osteomyelitis is often complex and involves long-term intravenous antibiotics.

Correlation Between Ultrasound and Cytological Findings of Patients With Suspicious Thyroid Nodules: The King Hamad University Hospital Experience.

Background Thyroid nodules are a common presentation in otolaryngology-head and neck clinics. The detection of thyroid nodules has increased significantly with the advancements in radiological technology such as computed tomography and ultrasound (US). The present study aims to improve the clinical practice and management of thyroid disorders by establishing correlations between US and cytological findings in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules.

INI-1-Deficient Sinonasal Carcinoma: Case Report with Emphasis on Differential Diagnosis.

SMARCB1-deficient sinonasal carcinoma is a newly described entity, with less than 100 reported cases. It is characterized by basaloid or rhabdoid morphology and is diagnosed by complete loss of nuclear SMARCB1 (INI-1). The morphologic appearance, specific immunophenotypic markers, and unique molecular make-up distinguish this entity from other various malignant neoplasms.

Frequency of migraine as a chief complaint in otolaryngology outpatient practice.

Objective: To identify the frequency of typical (headache and dizziness) and common atypical (ear fullness, pressure, pain, tinnitus, facial fullness, and nasal congestion) migraine symptoms as chief complaints among patients presenting to otolaryngology clinic.

Methods: This is a descriptive study of prospectively collected data from a general otolaryngology practice. Typical migraine presentations were diagnosed by applying international headache society (IHS) criteria for migraine headache and Neuhauser's criteria for migrainous vertigo.

Normative inner ear volumetric measurements.

In the current study, we attempted to determine normative inner ear volumetric measurements generated from three-dimensional computed tomography (CT) images. In addition, we investigated a correlation between the axial length and the volume of the labyrinth and discussed clinical outcomes of this correlation. Amira 5.

Who needs admission among infants with acute otitis media?

Aim: Management of acute otitis media (AOM) in infants younger than 2 months old is controversial. It varies between treatment on an outside basis, and hospitalization for intravenous antibiotics and sepsis work-up based on variability of the reported AOM pathogens in this particular group. Our aim is to identify clinical indicators that may suggest a need for an invasive medical work-up and/or hospitalization of these young patients, and compare their management to that of older infants.

Transmastoid middle fossa craniotomy repair of superior semicircular canal dehiscence using a soft tissue graft.

Objective: To describe the successful surgical treatment of 5 cases of superior semicircular canal dehiscence via a transmastoid middle fossa craniotomy using a soft tissue graft.

Design: Case report.

Setting: Private practice otologic referral center.

Otalgia associated with migraine.

Objective: To investigate the association of otalgia and migraine.

Study Design: Retrospective survey with evaluation of otalgia response to migraine treatment. Only patients with minimum symptom duration of 3 months, who accepted migraine treatment and had a minimum follow-up of 3 months, were included.

Gene expression profiling in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Clinical perspectives.

Background: To date, more than 60 gene expression profiling (GEP) studies have been published in the field of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with variable objectives, methods, and results.

Methods: The purpose of this study was to present a state-of-the-art review of GEP in HNSCC focusing on the current advances and perspectives for clinical applications.

Results: Gene expression signatures have been developed to identify screening and diagnostic molecular markers, to improve tumor staging (cervical lymph node and distant metastasis prediction), to differentiate lung metastasis of HNSCC from primary lung squamous cell carcinoma, to predict tumor response to chemoradiotherapy, and to provide outcome predictors.

Primary malignant melanoma of the trachea.

Tracheal melanomas represent the rarest type of extracutaneous melanomas. The clinical manifestation is similar to other tracheal tumors and ranges from symptoms of airway obstruction such as dyspnea and stridor to other nonspecific symptoms such as hoarseness, cough and hemoptysis. Bronchoscopy is required to draw the origin of the lesion biopsy is needed to establish histologic diagnosis.

Clinical relevance of nine transcriptional molecular markers for the diagnosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in tissue and saliva rinse.

Background: Analysis of 23 published transcriptome studies allowed us to identify nine genes displaying frequent alterations in HNSCC (FN1, MMP1, PLAU, SPARC, IL1RN, KRT4, KRT13, MAL, and TGM3). We aimed to independently confirm these dysregulations and to identify potential relationships with clinical data for diagnostic, staging and prognostic purposes either at the tissue level or in saliva rinse.

Methods: For a period of two years, we systematically collected tumor tissue, normal matched mucosa and saliva of patients diagnosed with primary untreated HNSCC.

Reference gene selection for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma gene expression studies.

Background: It is no longer adequate to choose reference genes blindly. We present the first study that defines the suitability of 12 reference genes commonly used in cancer studies (ACT, ALAS, B2M, GAPDH, HMBS, HPRT, KALPHA, RPS18, RPL27, RPS29, SHAD and TBP) for the normalization of quantitative expression data in the field of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Results: Raw expression levels were measured by RT-qPCR in HNSCC and normal matched mucosa of 46 patients.

Vocal symptoms and acoustic changes in relation to the expanded disability status scale, duration and stage of disease in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Vocal symptoms and acoustic measures of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) are investigated in relation to the duration of the disease, stage of the disease and the degree of disability. Eighty-two patients were enrolled in this study (40 MS, 42 controls). In the MS group, the most common vocal symptoms were vocal breaks and vocal fatigue present in 10.

Prevalence of adenoid hypertrophy in adults with nasal obstruction.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of adenoid hypertrophy in adults presenting with nasal obstruction.

Design: A prospective study was conducted. Descriptive analysis was used for statistical analysis.

Vocal changes in patients using nasal continuous positive airway pressure.

The aim of this prospective study is to assess the vocal changes in patients using nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). A total of 18 subjects using nasal CPAP were assessed by grading their voice perceptually as G0 for normal voice and G3 for severe hoarseness. Acoustic analysis was also performed and the following parameters were measured: fundamental frequency, habitual pitch, shimmer, relative average perturbation, voice turbulence index, and noise-to-harmonic ratio.

The role of beta-2 agonists in foreign body aspiration.

Foreign body aspiration is a relatively common problem encountered in children during the first 3 years of life. Presentation may include a variety of symptoms and signs that may include wheezing, stridor and cough. Removal of the foreign body via rigid bronchoscopy is the main treatment.

Persistant dysphonia following endotracheal intubation.

Voice production is a complex process that involves more than one system, yet most causes of dysphonia are attributed to disturbances in the laryngeal structures and little attention is paid to extralaryngeal factors. Persistent dysphonia after general anesthesia is a challenge to both anesthesiologists and otolaryngologists. The etiology is often multivariable and necessitates a team approach for proper diagnosis.