Absolute and Functional Iron Deficiency in the US, 2017-2020.

Importance: The prevalence of absolute and functional iron deficiency among adults in the US is unknown.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of absolute and iron deficiency and iron supplement use in the US across age, sex, and comorbidity categories.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017 to 2020 prepandemic cycle.

Trends in Oral Anticoagulant Use and Individual Expenditures Across the United States from 2014 to 2020.

Background: Landmark clinical trials have expended the indications for the direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), but contemporary data on usage and expenditure patterns are lacking.

Objective: This study aimed to assess annual trends in oral anticoagulant (OAC) utilization and expenditure across the United States (US) from 2014 to 2020.

Methods: We utilized the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) to study the trends of use and expenditures of warfarin, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban between 2014 and 2020 in the US.

Research barriers in Saudi pharmacy residency training programs.

Background: The aim of this study is to identify potential barriers to conducting and publishing pharmacy residency research.

Methods: A cross-sectional study surveyed pharmacy residents in Saudi Arabia from August to September 2020. The online survey assesses residents' characteristics, residency research experience, barriers to completion, and challenges in publishing.

Metformin use among obese patients with prediabetes in Qassim, Saudi Arabia: An observational study.

Background And Aims: The high prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes mellitus and its secondary complications in Saudi Arabia is a major healthcare concern. Evidence suggests that despite evidence-based efficacy and safety, metformin is underutilized in prediabetic obese patients. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the use of metformin in prediabetic obese patients in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia.

Comparative effectiveness of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists for the management of obesity in adults without diabetes: A network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Tirzepatide is a new glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) that has shown promising results for weight loss. A Bayesian network meta-analysis was conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of GLP-1RAs for obesity management. Embase and MEDLINE were searched looking for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that evaluated the efficacy of GLP-1RAs for weight loss in patients without diabetes.

Economic analysis of glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists from the Saudi Arabia payer perspective.

Objectives: To perform a cost of control analysis of glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1RA) in Saudi Arabia (SA) and determine the economic impact of adopting GLP1RAs.

Methods: A budget impact model that captures the cost of control model was constructed to simulate hypothetical patient on six treatment options: a current mix of 60% liraglutide and 40% dulaglutide, semaglutide, liraglutide, dulaglutide, exenatide, and lixisenatide. We estimated the relative amounts of SAR spend to achieve HbA1c targets (≤6.

Characteristics of the ideal clinical pharmacy residency candidate: A survey of residency program directors and preceptors in Saudi Arabia.

Objective: Residency positions are highly competitive. Pharmacy students who are familiar with the ideal qualities of residency candidates and the expectations of residency programs may be more likely to obtain one of these coveted positions. This study identifies the characteristics that residency program directors (RPDs) and preceptors use to define an ideal residency candidate.

Heart failure outcomes and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: A systematic review of observational studies.

Aim/objective: Recently, the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) class showed a significant reduction in heart failure (HF) hospitalization in several meta-analyses of cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs). The objective of this systematic review is to summarize the real-world evidence regarding HF outcomes of GLP-1RAs.

Methods: We searched the PubMed and EMBASE databases for observational studies that investigated HF outcomes of GLP-1RAs.

Indirect comparison of glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists regarding cardiovascular safety and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: network meta-analysis.

Background: The cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) have shown that glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1RAs) have varying degrees of cardiovascular (CV) safety in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM.) The lack of any head-to-head comparative trials among GLP1RAs urged the need for an indirect comparison of these agents. Therefore, this study was conducted to indirectly compare the CV safety and mortality effects among different GLP1RAs in patients with T2DM using network meta-analysis (NMA).