Ambient air quality in the holy city of Makkah: A source apportionment with elemental enrichment factors (EFs) and factor analysis (PMF).

Air pollution remains a major global public health and environmental issue. We assessed the levels of PM and delineated the major sources in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Fine particulate matter (PM) sampling was performed from February 26, 2014-January 27, 2015 in four cycles/seasons.

Fine particles exposure and cardiopulmonary morbidity in Jeddah: A time-series analysis.

Health effects linked to PM, have been extensively studied in developed countries of Europe and N. America. However, little has been done in Saudi Arabia and the Middle East.

Association of fine particulate air pollution with cardiopulmonary morbidity in Western Coast of Saudi Arabia.

To assess cardiopulmonary morbidity associated with daily exposures to PM2.5 in Western Coast of Saudi Arabia. Methods: We monitored 24-h PM2.

Climate Change and Water Scarcity: The Case of Saudi Arabia.

Background: Climate change is expected to bring increases in average global temperatures (1.4°C-5.8°C [34.

Obesity and public health in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Overweight and obesity are now a global epidemic, with more than one in five people qualifying as obese worldwide. These conditions are accompanied by excessive rates of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) related to overweight, like type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. Saudi Arabia, which has become increasingly westernized over the past few decades now has one of the highest prevalence rates of overweight and obesity, even in children.

Air quality in Mecca and surrounding holy places in Saudi Arabia during Hajj: initial survey.

The Arabian Peninsula experiences severe air pollution, the extent and sources of which are poorly documented. Each year in Saudi Arabia this situation is intensified during Hajj, the Holy Pilgrimage of Islam that draws millions of pilgrims to Mecca. An initial study of air quality in Mecca and surrounding holy sites during the 2012 Hajj (October 24-27) revealed strongly elevated levels of the combustion tracer carbon monoxide (CO, up to 57 ppmv) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) along the pilgrimage route-especially in the tunnels of Mecca-that are a concern for human health.