Endothelial TDP-43 depletion disrupts core blood-brain barrier pathways in neurodegeneration.

Endothelial cells (ECs) help maintain the blood-brain barrier but deteriorate in many neurodegenerative disorders. Here we show, using a specialized method to isolate EC and microglial nuclei from postmortem human cortex (92 donors, 50 male and 42 female, aged 20-98 years), that intranuclear cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes enables simultaneous profiling of nuclear proteins and RNA transcripts at a single-nucleus resolution. We identify a disease-associated subset of capillary ECs in Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal degeneration.

Risk factors contributing to membrane perforation in lateral window maxillary sinus elevation: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To scrutinize the risk factors related to membrane perforation during lateral window preparation for maxillary sinus elevation.

Study Design: The investigation was conducted across different electronic databases, followed by a critical evaluation of studies that matched the inclusion criteria.

Results: The studies identified several risk factors contributing to sinus membrane perforation.

Exacerbating effects of Western dietary habits on experimentally induced periodontitis in rats.

This study explored the impact of western diet (WD) on a ligature-induced periodontitis (PD) model. After either control diet (CD) or WD feeding for 16 weeks, male Wistar rats were allocated in six groups (n = 6). The first and second groups had no PD.

Theories and Practices in Learning and Assessment for Postgraduate Medical Education: A Review.

This literature review explores key theories and practical strategies in postgraduate medical education. It examines essential learning strategies, such as didactic and experiential teaching methods, structured lesson planning, and models such as Maslow's hierarchy and Kolb's experiential learning cycle. Active learning techniques and feedback models, crucial for guiding medical trainees' growth, are also discussed.

A Review of Educational Supervision in UK Postgraduate Medical Training: Roles, Responsibilities, and Impact on Trainee Development.

This review examines the roles and responsibilities of educational and clinical supervisors in the UK postgraduate medical education system, focusing on their impact on trainee doctors' educational experiences and professional development. Guidance from the General Medical Council and the Department of Health underscores the importance of consistent supervision in various clinical settings. Educational supervisors are critical in helping trainees establish clear, competency-based goals, engage in career planning, and develop resilience.

The relationship between the secondary implant stability quotient and oxidized implant-related factors: A retrospective study.

Objective: The present retrospective study aimed to determine the relationship between the secondary implant stability quotient and different parameters related to an oxidized implant.

Methods: A total of 135 patients (305 oxidized implants) were included. Implant-related factors (length, diameter, surgical and loading protocols, grafting, insertion torque, and primary stability) were used for comparisons and linear regression analyses, using secondary ISQ as the dependent variable.

Multifaceted bone response to immunomodulatory magnesium implants: Osteopromotion at the interface and adipogenesis in the bone marrow.

Orthopedic implants made of biodegradable magnesium (Mg) provide an alternative to nondegradable implants for fracture repair. Widely reported to be pro-osteogenic, Mg implants are also believed to be anti-inflammatory and anti-osteoclastic, but this is difficult to reconcile with the early clinical inflammation observed around these implants. Here, by surveying implant healing in a rat bone model, we determined the cellular responses and structural assembly of bone correlated with the surface changes of Mg implants inherent in degradation.

Macrophage-to-osteocyte communication: Impact in a 3D in vitro implant-associated infection model.

Macrophages and osteocytes are important regulators of inflammation, osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. However, their interactions under adverse conditions, such as biomaterial-associated infection (BAI) are not fully understood. We aimed to elucidate how factors released from macrophages modulate osteocyte responses in an in vitro indirect 3D co-culture model.

Reliability of sealer penetration measurement methods and assessment of dentine penetrability after endodontic retreatment: A correlation in vitro study.

This study evaluated the reliability of sealer penetration measurement methods used with confocal laser scanning microscopy in correlation with the percentage of residual root filling and examined the effect of residual root-filling material on dentine penetrability after retreatment. Extracted teeth were randomly divided into different groups according to the obturation sealer used (n = 6); BioRoot RCS; MTA Fillapex; Bio-C and AH Plus. Root-filling material was removed before the secondary chemo-mechanical preparation and obturation using fluorescein labelled AH Plus.

Toward a disruptive, minimally invasive small finger joint implant concept: Cellular and molecular interactions with materials in vivo.

Osteoarthritis (OA) poses significant therapeutic challenges, particularly OA that affects the hand. Currently available treatment strategies are often limited in terms of their efficacy in managing pain, regulating invasiveness, and restoring joint function. The APRICOT implant system developed by Aurora Medical Ltd (Chichester, UK) introduces a minimally invasive, bone-conserving approach for treating hand OA (https://apricot-project.

Molecular mechanisms of poor osseointegration in irradiated bone: In vivo study in a rat tibia model.

Aim: Radiotherapy is associated with cell depletion and loss of blood supply, which are linked to compromised bone healing. However, the molecular events underlying these effects at the tissue-implant interface have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to determine the major molecular mediators associated with compromised osseointegration due to previous exposure to radiation.

The influence of oral antioxidants on men with infertility: a systemic review.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the current evidence regarding the impact of oral antioxidant supplementation on semen parameters of infertile men.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, and Cochrane electronic databases, adhering to modified Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The focus was on studies exploring the effects of antioxidant therapy on infertile men, with an examination of antioxidants in terms of types, doses, rationale for use, and their impact on semen parameters measures.

The Natural History of Splenic Artery Aneurysms: Factors That Predict Aneurysm Growth.

Purpose: To examine the natural history of splenic artery aneurysms (SAAs) at a single institution and assess the effect of patient factors and aneurysm characteristics on aneurysm growth.

Materials And Methods: This single-center retrospective study included patients with SAAs who underwent serial imaging over 30 years (1990-2020). Data regarding patient demographics and aneurysm characteristics were collected.

Risk of postoperative bleeding after dental extraction in patients on antiplatelet therapy: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To determine the risk of bleeding after minor extraction in patients on different antiplatelet therapy (APT) regimens.

Study Design: A search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar. Thirty-five papers were included in the systematic review, of which 23 papers provided the requisite information for meta-analysis.

Angiotensin(1-7) attenuates tooth movement and regulates alveolar bone response during orthodontic force application in experimental animal model.

Background: Renin-angiotensin system and its ACE2/Ang(1-7)/Mas receptor axis regulates skeletal response to multiple physiological and pathological conditions. Recent research suggested a vital role of Ang(1-7) in regulating alveolar bone metabolism and remodeling. In this context, this study evaluated the effects of the Ang(1-7)/Mas receptor axis on orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) and the alveolar bone response to mechanical load.

A Prospective, Observational Cost Comparison of Laparoscopic and Open Appendicectomy in Three Tertiary Hospitals in Nigeria.

Background: The clinical benefits of laparoscopic appendicectomy are well recognized over open appendicectomy. However, laparoscopic procedures are not frequently conducted in many low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) for several reasons, including perceived higher costs. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and cost of laparoscopic appendicectomy compared to open appendicectomy in Nigeria.

The importance of community health workers as frontline responders during the COVID-19 pandemic, Somalia, 2020-2021.

Introduction: We examined the contribution of community health workers as frontline responders for the community-based surveillance in Somalia during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic for detection of COVID-19 cases and identification of contacts.

Methods: We retrieved COVID-19 surveillance data from 16 March 2020 to 31 March 2021 from the health ministry's central database. These data were collected through community health workers, health facilities or at the points of entry.

Targeting quorum sensing with sodium salicylate modulates immune responses and .

Introduction: Chronic infections are a major clinical challenge in hard-to-heal wounds and implanted devices. is a common causative pathogen that produces numerous virulence factors. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, new alternative treatment strategies are needed.

Exploring the Roles and Responsibilities of an Educational Supervisor in Medical Training Within the United Kingdom.

Medical trainees or junior doctors within the United Kingdom, regardless of their level of training or specialty, are assigned an educational supervisor (ES). The General Medical Council within the United Kingdom defines an ES as "a trainer who is selected and appropriately trained to be responsible for the overall supervision and management of a specified trainee's educational progress during a clinical placement or series of placements." This article critically evaluates the current literature to explore the roles of the ES in supporting and monitoring a trainee's progress while discussing challenges associated with the role.

COVID-19 and severe pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP): A case report.

Background: Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare lung disease that mainly presents with dyspnea. PAP diagnosis can be easily missed in the background of a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, due to the similarity of their presentation and radiological findings. We present a case report of a post-COVID-19 patient, who later developed severe PAP.