Correction: Healthy lifestyle behaviors are major predictors of mental wellbeing during COVID-19 pandemic confinement: A study on adult Arabs in higher educational institutions.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Vitamin D Deficiency Does Not Affect Cognition and Neurogenesis in Adult C57Bl/6 Mice.

Vitamin D deficiency is a global problem. Vitamin D, the vitamin D receptor, and its enzymes are found throughout neuronal, ependymal, and glial cells in the brain and are implicated in certain processes and mechanisms in the brain. To investigate the processes affected by vitamin D deficiency in adults, we studied vitamin D deficient, control, and supplemented diets over 6 weeks in male and female C57Bl/6 mice.

Novel insight into mitochondrial dynamin-related protein-1 as a new chemo-sensitizing target in resistant cancer cells.

Mitochondrial dynamics have pillar roles in several diseases including cancer. Cancer cell survival is monitored by mitochondria which impacts several cellular functions such as cell metabolism, calcium signaling, and ROS production. The equilibrium of death and survival rate of mitochondria is important for healthy cellular processes.

Spirulina () Improved Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Characteristics and Microbiota and Did Not Affect Organ Fibrosis Induced by a Fructose-Enriched Diet in Wistar Male Rats.

Spirulina () is reported to play a role in improving nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and intestinal microbiota (IM). To study spirulina's effects in the improvement of NAFLD characteristics, IM, and pancreatic-renal lesions induced by a fructose-enriched diet, 40 Wistar healthy male rats, weighing 200-250 g, were randomly divided into four groups of 10, and each rat per group was assigned a diet of equal quantities (20 g/day) for 18 weeks. The first control group (CT) was fed a standardized diet, the second group received a 40% fructose-enriched diet (HFr), and the third (HFr-S5) and fourth groups (HFr-S10) were assigned the same diet composition as the second group but enriched with 5% and 10% spirulina, respectively.

Dietary High Salt Intake Exacerbates SGK1-Mediated T Cell Pathogenicity in L-NAME/High Salt-Induced Hypertension.

Sodium chloride (NaCl) activates Th17 and dendritic cells in hypertension by stimulating serum/glucocorticoid kinase 1 (SGK1), a sodium sensor. Memory T cells also play a role in hypertension by infiltrating target organs and releasing proinflammatory cytokines. We tested the hypothesis that the role of T cell SGK1 extends to memory T cells.

Assessing Accuracy and Precision of Hemoglobin Determination in Venous, Capillary Pool, and Single-Drop Capillary Blood Specimens Using three Different HemoCue® Hb Models: The Multicountry Hemoglobin Measurement (HEME) Study.

Background: Anemia prevalence estimates reported in population surveys can vary based on the blood specimen source (capillary or venous) and analytic device (hematology autoanalyzers or portable hemoglobinometers) used for hemoglobin (Hb) determination.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare accuracy and precision of Hb measurement in three blood specimen types on three models of hemoglobinometers against the results from venous blood from the same individuals measured on automated analyzers (AAs).

Methods: This multisite (Cambodia, Ethiopia, Guatemala, Lebanon, Nigeria, and Tanzania) study assessed Hb measurements in paired venous and capillary blood specimens from apparently healthy women (aged 15-49 y) and children (aged 12-59 mo) using three HemoCue® Hb models (201+, 301, and 801).

Differences in segmental fat accumulation patterns by sex and ethnicity: An international approach.

Excess fat on the body impacts obesity-related co-morbidity risk; however, the location of fat stores affects the severity of these risks. The purpose of this study was to examine segmental fat accumulation patterns by sex and ethnicity using international datasets. An amalgamated and cross-calibrated dataset of dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-measured variables compiled segmental mass for bone mineral content (BMC), lean mass (LM), and fat mass (FM) for each participant; percentage of segment fat (PSF) was calculated as PSF = (FM/(BMC + LM + FM)) × 100.

Low-quality protein modulates inflammatory markers and the response to lipopolysaccharide insult: the case of lysine.

The relationship between non-communicable diseases and eating behaviour has long been attributed to a surplus of food and energy. However, the increase in the prevalence of non-communicable disease and their underlying low-grade inflammatory milieu among people of low socio-economic status has highlighted the existence of a confounding factor. In this work, we aim to study the effect of lysine deficiency on some inflammatory markers in the absence or presence of an inflammatory insult (lipopolysaccharide (LPS)).

Correction: Healthy lifestyle behaviors are major predictors of mental wellbeing during COVID-19 pandemic confinement: A study on adult Arabs in higher educational institutions.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Phosphorus Supplementation Mitigates Perivascular Adipose Inflammation-Induced Cardiovascular Consequences in Early Metabolic Impairment.

Background The complexity of the interaction between metabolic dysfunction and cardiovascular complications has long been recognized to extend beyond simple perturbations of blood glucose levels. Yet, structured interventions targeting the root pathologies are not forthcoming. Growing evidence implicates the inflammatory changes occurring in perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) as early instigators of cardiovascular deterioration.

A test to measure oral iron absorption and glucose tolerance simultaneously in 18 to 55 year old premenopausal women.

Background & Aims: Several methods are available to measure iron absorption (IA). The oral iron absorption test (OIAT) measures IA based on a change in serum iron (ΔSeFe) concentration after an oral iron dose. The objective of this study was to validate the OIAT by comparing it to the reference method of fractional iron absorption (FIA) using red blood cell incorporation of stable iron isotopes from a labeled iron dose.

The effect of aspartame and sucralose intake on body weight measures and blood metabolites: role of their form (solid and/or liquid) of ingestion.

The ingestion of non-caloric sweeteners (NCS) from food and/or drink was intended to reduce caloric intake without compromising palatability. However, the inconclusive relation between NCS and body weight may partially relate to their form of ingestion (solid or liquid). Thus, two paralleled experiments (aspartame and sucralose) were conducted.

Urinary minerals excretion among primary schoolchildren in Dubai-United Arab Emirates.

Introduction: Urinary excretion of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), iodine and fluoride is used to assess their statuses and/or the existence of metabolic abnormalities. In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), the urinary concentration of these minerals among children have not been documented.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional study, including 593 subjects (232 boys and 361 girls), was conducted among healthy 6 to 11-year-old Emirati children living in Dubai.

Iron Fortification and Supplementation: Fighting Anemia of Chronic Diseases or Fueling Obesity?

The significant worldwide increase in obesity has become a major health problem. Excess adiposity has been extensively linked to inflammation. Recently, studies have shown that dietary intake and microbiota dysbiosis can affect the health of the gut and lead to low-grade systemic inflammation, worsening the state of obesity and further exacerbating inflammation.

Modulatory Effect of Intermittent Fasting on Adipose Tissue Inflammation: Amelioration of Cardiovascular Dysfunction in Early Metabolic Impairment.

Cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS) is a cluster of maladaptive cardiovascular, renal, thrombotic, inflammatory, and metabolic disorders. It confers a high risk of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. CMS is triggered by major shifts in lifestyle and dietary habits with increased consumption of refined, calorie-dense diets.

The Effect of the Temperature of Plain or Sweetened Water on Body Composition in Rats.

Introduction: Humans are known to adapt to external temperature variations by altering energy intake, expenditure, and body fat storage for insulation [1, 2]. However, it is not clear whether the temperature of ingested water would induce such effects. Similarly, the involvement of the temperature of the ingested beverage has not been addressed in terms of body weight changes [3].

Healthy lifestyle behaviors are major predictors of mental wellbeing during COVID-19 pandemic confinement: A study on adult Arabs in higher educational institutions.

Background: In the past infectious diseases affected the quality of lifestyle during home confinement. The study conducted examines the influence of home confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak on lifestyle, mental wellbeing, nutritional status, and sleeping pattern.

Method: An online multicategorical questionnaire was distributed to collect demographic information combined with the following tools: Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), WHO-5 wellbeing score, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).

Macromineral enrichment of white bread reduces postprandial glycaemia without altering sensory properties: a crossover study.

Background: Metabolism of refined carbohydrates, which are associated with detrimental health effects, is known to be affected by macrominerals including P, Mg and K.

Aims: To assess the impact of their addition to flour on the sensory properties of white pita bread and postprandial glycaemia of healthy individuals.

Methods: The study was conducted at the American University of Beirut (between February and October 2014).

Phosphorus supplementation raised the heart rate of male water polo players during a randomised graded dryland exercise test.

Objective: The impact of phosphorus supplementation on athletic performance is unclear. Ingestion of phosphorus for several days has been reported to increase cardiac capacity, improve oxygen muscle kinetics and enhance lactate buffering capacity. Recent studies have shown that phosphorus ingestion with a meal increases postprandial glucose uptake and thermogenesis.

Breakfast consumption among Saudi primary-school children relative to sex and socio-demographic factors.

Background: Breakfast is an important meal that provides essential nutrients and energy. However, few comprehensive studies have reported breakfast habits and related behaviors among Saudi children. This study investigated breakfast consumption patterns and the associations of socio-demographic variables with daily breakfast intake among Saudi children.

Obesity and adiposity: the culprit of dietary protein efficacy.

Obesity and increased body adiposity have been alarmingly increasing over the past decades and have been linked to a rise in food intake. Many dietary restrictive approaches aiming at reducing weight have resulted in contradictory results. Additionally, some policies to reduce sugar or fat intake were not able to decrease the surge of obesity.

The effect of central obesity on inflammation, hepcidin, and iron metabolism in young women.

Background/objectives: In overweight and obesity (OW/OB), greater total body fat predicts higher serum hepcidin (SHep) which can impair iron homeostasis and increase risk for iron deficiency (ID). However, the effect of body fat distribution on SHep and iron homeostasis is unclear. In central obesity, interleukin (IL)-6 released from visceral adipose tissue into portal blood could strongly stimulate hepatic hepcidin synthesis.

Insufficient Sleep Duration And Its Association With Breakfast Intake, Overweight/Obesity, Socio-Demographics And Selected Lifestyle Behaviors Among Saudi School Children.

Objective: Adequate sleep is an important factor for maintaining good health among children. However, there have been few studies reporting on the association of sleep duration with breakfast intake frequency. This study examined the prevalence of nocturnal sleep duration among Saudi children and its association with breakfast intake, screen time, physical activity levels and socio-demographic variables.

Effect of Meal Acceptability on Postprandial Appetite Scores and Hormones of Male Participants with Varied Adiposity.

Objective: This study portrays the effect of hedonic manipulation (high acceptability [HA] vs. low acceptability [LA]) on postprandial hormones and appetite scores in healthy males.

Methods: Thirty participants (15 with normal weight and 15 with obesity) were recruited for a randomized, crossover design.

Effect of Processed Chickpea Flour Incorporation on Sensory Properties of .

Chickpea flour is known to have good nutritional values. Nevertheless, it is commonly made from ground grains, and characterized by an "off-flavor". Processing of chickpea grains before flour formation reduces the intensity of the off-flavor.