Detection Limits of Tetrapolar Impedance Sensors for Tissue Differentiation.

Cancer recurrence is an important issue in bladder tumor resections, because tissue cannot generously be removed from the thin bladder wall without impacting its functionality. Electrical impedance measurements during an operation aim to support the surgeon in making the decision which tissue areas to preserve, because physiological changes in tissue due to cancerous mutations can be detected by their altered electrical characteristics. This work investigates the detection limits of tetrapolar sensors when the impedance of heterogeneous tissue is measured.