A systematic review of obesity burden in Saudi Arabia: Prevalence and associated co-morbidities.

Introduction: Saudi Arabia has experienced an increasing trend in obesity prevalence in the last three decades; obesity is a significant risk factor for non-communicable diseases, which may cause healthcare and economic burdens. In this systematic review, we aim to explore the obesity prevalence, obesity-related complications (ORCs), and the economic burden of obesity in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: Literature searches for relevant local studies across Saudi Arabia spanning 2012 to 2022 were performed in PubMed and EMBASE, along with supplementary searches for relevant congress abstracts.

Non-hemorrhagic cerebellar contrast enhancement on intraoperative MRI during a supratentorial glioma resection: Concerning finding of no significance.

Intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (iMRI) is a powerful tool used to verify maximal safe resection of gliomas. However, unsuspected new or incidental findings can present difficult clinical scenarios. Here we present a case of a large supratentorial glioma resection where new, incidental bilateral cerebellar hemispheric enhancement was noted on iMRI.

Preoperative embolization and microsurgical resection of a cerebellar hemangioblastoma: embolization goals and technical nuances of the approaches. Illustrative case.

Background: Resection remains the optimal treatment for hemangioblastomas, highly vascular tumors commonly located in the cerebellum or spinal cord. Preoperative embolization can be used with caution to reduce intraoperative blood loss and promote gross-total resection while reducing neurological morbidity.

Observations: The authors report a case of a 44-year-old male who presented with worsening dizziness, gait imbalance, and diplopia.

Cost saving analysis of prediabetes intervention modalities in comparison with inaction using Markov state transition model-A multiregional case study.

Background: Prediabetes management is a priority for policymakers globally, to avoid/delay type 2 diabetes (T2D) and reduce severe, costly health consequences. Countries moving from low to middle income are most at risk from the T2D "epidemic" and may find implementing preventative measures challenging; yet prevention has largely been evaluated in developed countries.

Methods: Markov cohort simulations explored costs and benefits of various prediabetes management approaches, expressed as "savings" to the public health care system, for three countries with high prediabetes prevalence and contrasting economic status (Poland, Saudi Arabia, Vietnam).

Management of a recurrent spinal arachnoid cyst presenting as arachnoiditis in the setting of spontaneous spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage: illustrative case.

Background: Spontaneous spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage is a rare pathological entity with a variety of presentations depending on the underlying etiology, which often remains cryptogenic. The literature is sparse regarding the most efficacious treatment or management option, and there is no consensus on follow-up time or modalities. Additionally, there are very few reports that include operative videos, which is provided herein.

Super super obesity with a BMI of 98 kg/m: a case report.

Standards of care in regards to super-super obese patients are yet to be evolving due to the sparsity of this weight category along with the high morbidity and mortality rates attributed to it. We report a successful case of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for a 35 years old lady with a body mass index (BMI) of 98 kg/m.

The Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography in Spinal Cord Injury.

Traumatic injuries of the spine are associated with long-term morbidity and mortality. Timely diagnosis and appropriate management of mechanical instability and spinal cord injury are important to prevent further neurologic deterioration. Spine surgeons require an understanding of the essential imaging techniques concerning the diagnosis, management, and prognosis of spinal cord injury.

Surgical debridement in long bone chronic osteomyelitis: is wide tumour-like resection necessary?

Aims: The standard of wide tumour-like resection for chronic osteomyelitis (COM) has been challenged recently by adequate debridement. This paper reviews the evolution of surgical debridement for long bone COM, and presents the outcome of adequate debridement in a tertiary bone infection unit.

Methods: We analyzed the retrospective record review from 2014 to 2020 of patients with long bone COM.

Genetic Influence of Fracture Nonunion (FNU): A Systematic Review.

Purpose: Nonunion of fractures occurs in about 15% of all fractures causing repeated surgical interference and prolonged morbidity. We performed this systematic review to assess genes and polymorphisms influencing fractures' nonunion (FNU).

Methods: We searched between 2000 and July 2022 in PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) Catalog, and the Science Citation Index, with the keywords nonunion of fractures, genetic influence, and GWAS.

Ten-year cost-consequence analysis of weight loss on obesity-related outcomes in privately insured adults with obesity in Saudi Arabia.

Aim: This study aimed to estimate the 10-year cost-consequence of weight loss on obesity-related outcomes in a sample of privately insured adults with obesity in Saudi Arabia (KSA).

Methods: We analyzed data of adults with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m) available in Nphies, the private health insurance platform of the Council of Health Insurance, KSA. A micro-costing analysis was used to obtain domestic cost estimates for obesity-related outcomes.

Pharmacy practice in hospital settings in GCC countries: Dispensing and administration.

Purpose: To outline dispensing and administration practices in hospital pharmacy across the Gulf Cooperation Councils (GCC) countries' hospitals. Paucity of data in appraising hospital pharmacy practice in GCC regions motivated us to conduct this study.

Methods: A modified survey questionnaire was prepared from the American Society of Health-System Pharmacist (ASHP) survey questions.

Exploring physicians' prescribing behavior in patients with multiple sclerosis in Saudi Arabia: a sequential explanatory mixed-methods.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common disabling neurological disease in young adults worldwide with majority of patients manifest symptoms between 20 and 40 years of age. The aims of this study are to explore physicians' perspectives, views, and behaviors in diagnosing and treating patients with MS in Saudi Arabia and investigate the prescribing pattern of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs).

Methods: A sequential explanatory mixed-method approach was used to achieve the study objectives.

The Impact of Obesity in Saudi Arabia: Healthcare Resource Use and Costs Associated with Obesity-Related Complications.

Introduction: Saudi Arabia has a high prevalence of obesity, which increases the risk of individuals experiencing multiple chronic complications. Only a few publications highlight the healthcare costs of obesity-related complications (ORCs) in Saudi Arabia.

Methods: A micro-costing approach was used to estimate the healthcare costs associated with 10 ORCs.

Obesity Burden and Impact of Weight Loss in Saudi Arabia: A Modelling Study.

Background: Obesity and its complications are associated with morbidity, mortality and high economic cost in Saudi Arabia. Estimating this impact at the population level and potential benefits to be gained from obesity reduction is vital to underpin policy initiatives to prevent disease risks.

Methods: We combined data in an adapted version of the value of weight loss simulation model, to predict reductions in complication rates and cost savings achievable with 15% weight loss in Saudi Arabia over 10 years.

Budget impact analysis of a bioprosthetic valve with a novel tissue versus mechanical aortic valve replacement in patients older than 65 years with aortic stenosis in Saudi Arabia.

Aims: A budget impact analysis (BIA) comparing bioprosthetic valves with RESILIA tissue and mechanical valves in aortic stenosis (AS) patients > 65 years in the public and private sectors of Saudi Arabia.

Materials And Methods: A decision-tree with a partitioned survival model was adapted to estimate the financial consequences of either a RESILIA tissue valve or a mechanical valve in aortic valve replacement (AVR) procedures up to 5 years. The budget impact of resource consumption for both valve types was compared and included disabling strokes, reoperations, minor thromboembolic events, major bleeding, endocarditis, anticoagulation treatment and monitoring, and echocardiogram assessments.

Advanced deep learning approaches to predict supply chain risks under COVID-19 restrictions.

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has created an unprecedented predicament for global supply chains (SCs). Shipments of essential and life-saving products, ranging from pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and healthcare, to manufacturing, have been significantly impacted or delayed, making the global SCs vulnerable. A better understanding of the shipment risks can substantially reduce that nervousness.

Criteria to define rare diseases and orphan drugs: a systematic review protocol.

Introduction: Rare diseases (RDs) are often chronic and progressive life-threatening medical conditions that affect a low percentage of the population compared with other diseases. These conditions can be treated with medications known as orphan drugs (ODs). Unfortunately, there is no universal definition of RDs or ODs.

Job Motivation and Satisfaction Among Female Pharmacists Working in Private Pharmacy Professional Sectors in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Pharmacists' job satisfaction has been of interest for many years and is of great importance in several respects, such as productivity and ultimately organizational performance.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the perceived motivational factors and levels of job satisfaction of female pharmacists working in private pharmaceutical sectors.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using a web-based survey of randomly selected female pharmacists working in different private settings including community pharmacies, pharmaceutical companies, private hospitals, and other private sectors using a pre-validated satisfaction scale (Warr-Cook-Wall scale).

Temporary standalone percutaneous fixation with pedicle screws for the treatment of subacute tuberculous osteomyelitis with kyphotic deformity in the lumbar spine.

Background: Tuberculous (TB) osteomyelitis is a rare, but challenging infection, that mandates antituberculosis antibiotics, and potentially surgical intervention. Per the Gulhane Askeri Tip Akademisi (GATA) classification system, corrective reconstruction is indicated in severe cases, where the kyphotic deformity is >20° (GATA Class III). Here, we describe a case of BCG vaccine-induced lumbar TB osteomyelitis at the L1-2 level in a patient presenting with mechanical pain and a focal, nonfixed kyphotic deformity of 36.

Resource Utilization and Caring Cost of People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLHIV) in Saudi Arabia: A Tertiary Care University Hospital Experience.

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with a significant burden of disease, including medical and non-medical costs. Therefore, it is considered to be a priority for all health authorities. The aim of this study is to determine healthcare and treatment costs of caring for PLHIV at one of the tertiary care university hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.