Theranostics Using MCM-41-Based Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles: Integrating Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Novel Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer Treatment.

Advanced breast cancer remains a significant oncological challenge, requiring new approaches to improve clinical outcomes. This study investigated an innovative theranostic agent using the MCM-41-NH-DTPA-Gd⁺-MIH nanomaterial, which combined MRI imaging for detection and a novel chemotherapy agent (MIH 2.4Bl) for treatment.

A Flow Adsorption Microcalorimetry-Logistic Modeling Approach for Assessing Heterogeneity of Brønsted-Type Surfaces: Application to Pyrogenic Organic Materials.

Biogeochemical functioning of oxides and pyrogenic organic matter ( pyOM) are greatly influenced by surface and deprotonation characteristics. We present an energetics-based, logistic modeling approach for quantifying surface homogeneity (ϕ) and surface acidity ( pK ) for Brønsted-type surfaces. The ϕ , pK and associated deprotonation behavior of pyOM were quantified across feedstock (honey mesquite, HM; pine, PI; cord grass, CG) and heat-treatment-temperatures (HTT; 200-650 °C).

Discrimination in Degradability of Soil Pyrogenic Organic Matter Follows a Return-On-Energy-Investment Principle.

A fundamental understanding of biodegradability is central to elucidating the role(s) of pyrogenic organic matter (PyOM) in biogeochemical cycles. Since microbial community and ecosystem dynamics are driven by net energy flows, then a quantitative assessment of energy value versus energy requirement for oxidation of PyOM should yield important insights into their biodegradability. We used bomb calorimetry, stepwise isothermal thermogravimetric analysis (isoTGA), and 5-year in situ bidegradation data to develop energy-biodegradability relationships for a suite of plant- and manure-derived PyOM (n = 10).

Sorption of hydrophobic organic compounds to a diverse suite of carbonaceous materials with emphasis on biochar.

Carbonaceous materials like biochars are increasingly recognized as effective sorbent materials for sequestering organic pollutants. Here, we study sorption behavior of two common hydrophobic organic contaminants 2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (CB52) and phenanthrene (PHE), on biochars and other carbonaceous materials (CM) produced at a wide range of conditions and temperatures from various feedstocks. The primary aim was to establish structure-reactivity relationships responsible for the observed variation in CM and biochar sorption characteristics.

Phosphate alteration of chloride behavior at the boehmite-water interface: New insights from ion-probe flow adsorption microcalorimetry.

Surface complexation of phosphate to aluminum oxyhydroxides can alter surface reactivity depending on the time-scale and mode of attachment. The effects of phosphate adsorption on reactivity of boehmite (γ-AlOOH) particles were investigated using ion-probe flow adsorption microcalorimetry (ipFAMC). Consistent with previous studies on adsorption energetics, probing the surface of pristine γ-AlOOH with chloride ions yielded endothermically unimodal temperature signals with a measured molar heat of exchange (ΔH(exc)) of -3.

Reduction of Chromium(VI) mediated by zero-valent magnesium under neutral pH conditions.

In an effort to assess the potential use of ZVMg in contaminant treatments, we examined Cr(VI) reduction mediated by ZVMg particles under neutral pH conditions. The reduction of Cr(VI) was tested with batch experiments by varying [Cr(VI)](0) (4.9, 9.

Geochemical implications of gas leakage associated with geologic CO2 storage--a qualitative review.

Gas leakage from deep storage reservoirs is a major risk factor associated with geologic carbon sequestration (GCS). A systematic understanding of how such leakage would impact the geochemistry of potable aquifers and the vadose zone is crucial to the maintenance of environmental quality and the widespread acceptance of GCS. This paper reviews the current literature and discusses current knowledge gaps on how elevated CO(2) levels could influence geochemical processes (e.

Generalized two-dimensional perturbation correlation infrared spectroscopy reveals mechanisms for the development of surface charge and recalcitrance in plant-derived biochars.

Fundamental knowledge of how biochars develop surface-charge and resistance to environmental degradation is crucial to their production for customized applications or understanding their functions in the environment. Two-dimensional perturbation-based correlation infrared spectroscopy (2D-PCIS) was used to study the biochar formation process in three taxonomically different plant biomass, under oxygen-limited conditions along a heat-treatment-temperature gradient (HTT; 200-650 °C). Results from 2D-PCIS pointed to the systematic, HTT-induced defragmenting of lignocellulose H-bonding network and demethylenation/demethylation, oxidation, or dehydroxylation/dehydrogenation of lignocellulose fragments as the primary reactions controlling biochar properties along the HTT gradient.

An index-based approach to assessing recalcitrance and soil carbon sequestration potential of engineered black carbons (biochars).

The ability of engineered black carbons (or biochars) to resist abiotic and, or biotic degradation (herein referred to as recalcitrance) is crucial to their successful deployment as a soil carbon sequestration strategy. A new recalcitrance index, the R(50), for assessing biochar quality for carbon sequestration is proposed. The R(50) is based on the relative thermal stability of a given biochar to that of graphite and was developed and evaluated with a variety of biochars (n = 59), and soot-like black carbons.

Metal interactions at the biochar-water interface: energetics and structure-sorption relationships elucidated by flow adsorption microcalorimetry.

Plant-derived biochars exhibit large physicochemical heterogeneity due to variations in biomass chemistry and combustion conditions. However, the influence of biochar heterogeneity on biochar-metal interaction mechanisms has not been systematically described. We used flow adsorption microcalorimetry to study structure-sorption relationships between twelve plant-derived biochars and two metals (K(+) and Cd(2+)) of different Lewis acidity.