Neuromapping olfactory stimulation using magnetoencephalography - visualizing smell, a proof-of-concept study.

Importance: Currently, clinical assessment of olfaction is largely reliant on subjective methods that require patient participation. The objective method for measuring olfaction, using electroencephalogram (EEG) readings, can be supplemented with the improved temporal resolution of magnetoencephalography (MEG) for olfactory measurement that can delineate cortical and peripheral olfactory loss. MEG provides high temporal and spatial resolution which can enhance our understanding of central olfactory processing compared to using EEG alone.

Utility of Nasal Access Guides in Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery: Assessment of Use during Cadaveric Dissection and Workflow Analysis in Surgery.

 A nasal access guide (NAG) for endoscopic endonasal approaches (EEAs) to the skull-base has been developed and approved for clinical use but its utility has not been formally investigated.  The study aims to assess the effect of a NAG on endoscopic visualization during cadaveric dissection and to perform a workflow analysis with process-based performance measures in the operating room and their effect on clinical outcomes.  Skull-base course participants were observed during hands-on cadaveric dissection with and without NAG.

Epitope-Based Immunoinformatic Approach on Heat Shock 70 kDa Protein Complex of var. .

Introduction: Cryptococcosis is a ubiquitous opportunistic fungal disease caused by var. . It has high global morbidity and mortality among HIV patients and non-HIV carriers with 99% and 95%, respectively.

Poor Outcome in Camel-Related Eye Trauma with Ruptured Globe.

Purpose: To report the poor visual outcome of ruptured globe caused by camel bites.

Observations: A 48-year-old camel caregiver presented to the emergency department after being bitten by a camel in the left side of his face. Ophthalmic examination revealed a superior scleral wound from 9 to 2 o'clock, about 6 mm from the limbus extending to the equator with prolapse of uveal and vitreous tissues, an opaque cornea, total hyphema, diffuse subconjunctival hemorrhage, and a lower lid laceration involving the lid margin and the nasolacrimal duct.

Frailty as a Predictor of Postoperative Complications Following Skull Base Surgery.

Objective/hypothesis: Frailty has emerged as a powerful risk stratification tool across surgical specialties; however, an analysis of the impact of frailty on outcomes following skull base surgery has not been published. The aim of this study was to assess the validity of the 5-factor modified frailty index (mFI-5) as a predictor of perioperative morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing skull base surgery.

Methods: A mFI-5 score was calculated for patients undergoing skull base surgeries using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database from 2005 to 2018.

Sleep-disordered breathing in cystic fibrosis.

Sleep-disordered breathing (SBD) is an under recognized comorbidity in the cystic fibrosis (CF) population across the lifespan. Nocturnal hypoxemia, obstructive sleep apnea, and nocturnal hypoventilation are respiratory abnormalities that occur commonly during sleep in patients with lung disease, and have deleterious consequences to the quality of life in people with CF. Effective screening for these abnormalities is needed to allow for timely initiation of treatment, which has been reported to be efficacious.

Lateral nasal wall flap for endoscopic reconstruction of the skull base: anatomical study and clinical series.

Background: The lateral nasal wall (LNW) flap provides vascularized endonasal reconstruction primarily in revision surgery. Although the harvesting technique and reconstructive surface have been reported, the arterial supply to the LNW flap and its clinical implications is not well defined. This study presents anatomical dissections to clarify the vascular supply to this flap, and the associated clinical outcomes from this reconstructive technique.

Endoscopic Visualization of the True Maxillary Ostium Following Uncinectomy.

Objectives: To examine the frequency in which angled endoscopes are necessary to visualize the true maxillary ostium (TMO) following uncinectomy and prior to maxillary antrostomy. Additionally, to identify preoperative computed tomography (CT) measures that predict need for an angled endoscope to visualize the TMO.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Perioperative Management of Total Laryngectomy Patients: A Survey of American Head and Neck Society Surgeons.

Objectives: Standards of care for total laryngectomy (TL) patients in the postoperative period have not been established. Perioperative care remains highly variable and perhaps primarily anecdotally based. The aim of this study was to survey members of the American Head and Neck Society to capture management practices in the perioperative care of TL patients.

Validity of the Hum Test, a Simple and Reliable Alternative to the Weber Test.

Objectives: To compare the diagnostic performance of the Hum Test against the Weber Test using pure tone audiometry (PTA) as the "gold standard" comparator.

Methods: 29 participants with normal hearing of ages 18 to 35 without any history of hearing abnormalities or otologic conditions were enrolled. Subjects underwent three tests (Hum Test, Weber Test, and PTA) across two conditions: with an ear plug in one ear (side randomized) and without ear plugs.

Laryngeal distribution of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in a previously untreated cohort.

Objectives/hypothesis: To describe the distribution of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) lesions across 21 laryngeal anatomic regions in previously untreated patients at initial presentation to provide insight regarding the natural history of RRP.

Study Design: Multi-institutional, retrospective case series.

Methods: Initial laryngoscopic examination videos of 83 previously untreated patients with adult-onset RRP were reviewed.

Evolution in Visualization for Sinus and Skull Base Surgery: From Headlight to Endoscope.

Rhinoscopy became a formal field of study in the mid-nineteenth century as improvements in nasal specula were made and the potent vasoconstrictive effects of cocaine on the intranasal tissues were discovered. Since then, a multitude of advances in visualization and illumination have been made. The advent of the Storz-Hopkins endoscope in the mid-twentieth century represents a culmination of efforts spanning nearly 2 centuries, and illumination has evolved concomitantly.

Efficacy of Perioperative Lumbar Drainage following Endonasal Endoscopic Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Repair.

Objective Perioperative lumbar drain (LD) use in the setting of endoscopic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak repair is a well-established practice. However, recent data suggest that LDs may not provide significant benefit and may thus confer unnecessary risk. To examine this, we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the effect of LDs on postoperative CSF leak recurrence following endoscopic repair of CSF rhinorrhea.

Single-sided Deafness Cochlear Implantation: Candidacy, Evaluation, and Outcomes in Children and Adults.

Objectives: Although there are various available treatment options for unilateral severe-to-profound hearing loss, these options do not provide the benefits of binaural hearing since sound is directed from the poorer ear to the better ear. The purpose of this investigation was to review our center's experience with cochlear implantation in such patients in providing improved auditory benefits and useful binaural hearing.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review.

Isolated congenital maxillomandibular synechiae.

Introduction: Congenital maxillomandibular syngnathia, or fusion of the jaws, is a rare condition that has a broad spectrum of presentations. The restricted mouth opening can lead to issues with feeding, swallowing, and respiration resulting in failure to thrive and temporomandibular joint ankylosis. Early recognition and treatment is necessary for proper growth and development.

Complications of surgery for sporadic vestibular schwannoma.

Objectives: We sought to investigate the postoperative complications of vestibular schwannoma excision and determine their significant clinical predictors.

Study Design: Cross-sectional.

Setting: California Hospital Inpatient Discharge Datasets 1997-2011.

Trends in demographics, charges, and outcomes of patients undergoing excision of sporadic vestibular schwannoma.

Objective: To assess demographics, charges, and outcome measures by temporal and volume analysis in the treatment of vestibular schwannoma.

Design: Cross-sectional analysis.

Setting, Subjects, And Methods: The California Hospital Inpatient Discharge Databases from 1996 to 2010.